{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T14:02:37Z","timestamp":1769522557637,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["QJEGH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the design of major construction works, the better the ground conditions are known, the more control there is on the assessment of risks for construction, contract and personnel, and ultimately on final costs. Understanding of the ground conditions is usually expressed as a conceptual ground model that is informed by the results of desk study and of dedicated ground investigation. Using the GSI3D software, a 3D geological model (a model composed of attributed solid volumes, rather than of surfaces) can be constructed that exactly honours geologists\u2019 interpretations of the data. The data are used in their true 3D position. The 3D model of faulted Lambeth Group (Palaeogene) strata in the area of the proposed new Crossrail Farringdon underground station, in central London, has several types of benefit. These include allowing optimum use of available ground investigation data, including third party data, with confidence. The model provides an understanding of the local geological structure that had not been possible using other commonly used methods: in particular, it shows the likely distribution of numerous water-bearing coarse deposits and their faulted offsets, which has potentially significant effects on groundwater control. The model can help to focus ground investigation, constrain design and control risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/qjegh2011-066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T17:02:50Z","timestamp":1352394170000},"page":"405-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Benefits of a 3D geological model for major tunnelling works: an example from Farringdon, east\u2013central London, UK"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"D. T.","family":"Aldiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crossrail Limited, 25 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5LQ, UK"}]},{"given":"D. C.","family":"Entwisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK"}]},{"given":"D. P.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OtB Engineering UK LLP, 52 Lant Street, London SE1 1RB, UK"}]},{"given":"R. L.","family":"Terrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume":"12","author":"Aldiss D.T.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aldiss D.T. 2012. The Stratigraphical Framework for the Palaeogene Successions of the London Basin, UK. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR\/12\/004.","journal-title":"The Stratigraphical Framework for the Palaeogene Successions of the London Basin, UK"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7878(08)80118-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","unstructured":"Ellison R.A. Woods M.A. Allen D.J. Forster A. Pharaoh T.C. King C. 2004. Geology of London . Memoir of the British Geological Survey Sheets 256 (North London) 257 (Romford) 270 (South London) and 271 (Dartford) (England and Wales)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Cities and their Underground Environment: 11th European e-conference of International Association for Engineering Geology","author":"Ford J.R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ford J.R., Burke H.F., Royse K.R., Mathers S.J. 2008. The 3D geology of London and the Thames Gateway: A modern approach to geological surveying and its relevance in the urban environment. In: Cities and their Underground Environment: 11th European e-conference of International Association for Engineering Geology, September 2008, Madrid, Spain, 15\u201319. http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/3717\/1\/FORT3D.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.QJEG.1998.031.P2.05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1470-9236\/08-035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","volume-title":"The engineering geology of the Lambeth Group (Woolwich and Reading Beds), London","author":"Page D.P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Page D.P. 1994. The engineering geology of the Lambeth Group (Woolwich and Reading Beds), London. 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Ground Engineering, 33, 38\u201343.","journal-title":"Ground Engineering"}],"container-title":["Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/qjegh2011-066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T14:52:09Z","timestamp":1721832729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/qjegh2011-066"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geoscienceworld.org\/qjegh\/article-lookup?doi=10.1144\/qjegh2011-066","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/qjegh2011-066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/qjegh2011-066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-9236","2041-4803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-9236","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-4803","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}