{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T15:24:01Z","timestamp":1726500241298},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["QJEGH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cleaning of traditional stone building facades became widespread from the 1960s in many cities across the UK, where it became a totemic factor in economic and social regeneration. Debate continues on the effects of cleaning on the health of stone buildings, often without a sound evidence base for decision making. In this study we attempt to determine whether stone cleaning is a stone decay factor. A survey technique based on assessing selected blocks in buildings, excluding areas where multiple factors contribute to high risk of decay, was applied in a semi-quantitative analysis of buildings in Paisley constructed from blonde-coloured carbonate-cemented quartz arenite, to recognize decay problems related to cleaning. Amounts of decay were evaluated on blocks from cleaned and non-cleaned buildings. The results show that there is no significant difference in amount of decay between these groups of buildings when areas subject to high decay stress are disregarded, and therefore that cleaning is not a risk factor in the stone surveyed. Decay is strongly centred on building elements that have a high risk of decay, with a strong predeposition towards moisture retention and associated soiling (i.e. projecting and recessed ornament and architectural detail).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/qjegh2012-043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T04:42:40Z","timestamp":1374122560000},"page":"459-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Visual assessment of sandstone building fa\u00e7ades: condition factors related to cleaning"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Zurakowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the West of Scotland, School of Engineering, High Street, Paisley PA12BE, UK"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the West of Scotland, School of Engineering, High Street, Paisley PA12BE, UK"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"Stone Decay and Conservation","author":"Amoroso G.G.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Amoroso G.G., Fassina V. 1983. Stone Decay and Conservation. Elsevier, Amsterdam."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-008-1408-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Stone Cleaning. A Guide for Practitioners","author":"Andrew Ch.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andrew Ch., Young M., Tonge K. 1994. Stone Cleaning. A Guide for Practitioners. Historic Scotland, Edinburgh; Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd International CIPA Symposium","author":"Cabrelles M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cabrelles M., Galcer\u00e1 S., Navarro S., Lerma J.L., Akasheh T., Haddad N. 2009. Integration of 3d laser scanning, photogrammetry and thermography to record architectural monuments. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International CIPA Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, 6."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(82)90296-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"Stone by Stone. A Guide to Building Stone in the Northern Ireland Environment","author":"Curran J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Curran J., Warke P., Stelfox D., Smith B., Savage J. 2010. Stone by Stone. A Guide to Building Stone in the Northern Ireland Environment. Appletree Press, Belfast."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","volume-title":"International workshop on Recording Modeling and Visualization of Cultural Heritage","author":"Eppich R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eppich R., Chabbi A. 2005. Recording and documenting cultural heritage\u20143D modeling for conservation in developing regions. In: International workshop on Recording Modeling and Visualization of Cultural Heritage. Ascona, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Fitzner B. Heinrichs K. 2004. Photo atlas of weathering forms on stone monuments. http:\/\/www.stone.rwth-aachen.de."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/rbm-1997-0204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002540050329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"441","volume-title":"Heritage, Weathering and Conservation","author":"Gross C.M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gross C.M., Brimblecombe P., Bonazza A., Sabbioni C., Samagni J. 2006. Sulfate and carbon compounds in black crusts from the Cathedral of Milan and Tower of London. In: , Fort M., Alvarez de Buergo M., Gomez-Heras J., Vazquez-Calvo C. (eds) Heritage, Weathering and Conservation. Taylor & Francis, London, 441\u2013446."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization and rating of weathering state at monuments carved from bedrocks in Petra\/Jordan\u2014Weathering forms, damage categories and damage index","author":"Heinrichs K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heinrichs K., Fitzner B. 1999. Comprehensive characterization and rating of weathering state at monuments carved from bedrocks in Petra\/Jordan\u2014Weathering forms, damage categories and damage index. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, XLIII, 321\u2013351.","journal-title":"Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"ICOMOS-ISCS. 2008. Illustrated Glossary on Stone Deterioration Patterns. http:\/\/www.cicrp.fr\/docs\/icomos-iscs-glossary.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2004.10.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"1405","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone","volume":"3","author":"Maxwell I.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maxwell I. 1996. Emerging conservation issues in consequence of cleaning Scottish historic buildings. In: , Riederer J. (ed.) Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Vol. 3, Berlin, Germany, 30 September\u20134 October 1996, M\u00f6ller Druck und Verlag, Berlin, 1405\u20131414."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.05.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-006-0588-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-008-1311-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1323(03)00085-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","volume-title":"Stonecleaning in Scotland\u2014Research Report, Volumes 1\u20133, Report to Historic Scotland and Scottish Enterprise by Masonry Conservation Research Group","author":"Webster R.G.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Webster R.G.M., Andrew C.A., et al. . 1992. Stonecleaning in Scotland\u2014Research Report, Volumes 1\u20133, Report to Historic Scotland and Scottish Enterprise by Masonry Conservation Research Group. Gilcomston Litho, Aberdeen."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1323(03)00084-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","volume":"25","author":"Young M.E.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Young M.E., Ball J., Laing R.A., Urquhart D.C.M. 2003b. Maintenance and repair of cleaned stone buildings. 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