{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:37:52Z","timestamp":1772725072943,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539734400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/K034952\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/K034952\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["QJEGH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"\n The identification of the source of methane (CH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n ) and carbon dioxide (CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) in gases within unconsolidated deposits outside municipal landfill sites, where there are multiple potential contributing gas inputs, is important for regulation and to inform gas management policy. Stable isotope analysis was applied to ground gas samples from boreholes close to but external to landfill cells, and landfill gas, to differentiate CH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n from biological and abiological geological sources at sites in NW England. Landfill flare gas and landfill without external gas inputs were biogenic references. Ground gases adjacent to one landfill had potential external CH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n inputs from underlying Coal Measures. Mineshaft vent gas and commercially-supplied North Sea gas were used as non-biological, thermogenic, source references. Ground gas samples were subjected to Compound-Specific Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-IRMS) and conventional IRMS examination.\n \n \n \n \n \u03b4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n 13<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n \n C<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n C<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 4<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n values for landfill flare gas and landfill Site 1 were \u221265.0 and \u221261.0\u2030, and\n \n \n \n \u03b4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n D<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n C<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 4<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n values were \u2212319 and \u2212298\u2030 respectively, consistent with a wholly biogenic origin.\n \n \n \n \n \u03b4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n 13<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n \n C<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n C<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 4<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n values for Site 2 landfill were \u221255 to \u221248\u2030, and\n \n \n \n \u03b4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n D<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n C<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 4<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n values were \u2212173 to +55\u2030. Mineshaft vent gas and North Sea gas CH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n \n \n \n \n \u03b4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n 13<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n \n C<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n C<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 4<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n values were \u221246.2 and \u221243.5\u2030, and\n \n \n \n \u03b4<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n D<\/mml:mtext>\n \n \n C<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n H<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n 4<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n values were \u2212214 and \u2212203\u2030, respectively. Given their similarity to these data, gases in the vicinity of Site 2 landfill are considered to have a thermogenic CH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n contribution, due to\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C and D enrichment in CH\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/qjegh2018-083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T09:55:32Z","timestamp":1539770132000},"page":"110-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Discriminating methane sources in ground gas emissions in NW England"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2105-3278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Teasdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"given":"Jean A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TerraConsult Ltd, Bold Business Centre, Bold Lane, Sutton, St Helens, Merseyside WA9 4TX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3473-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A. 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