{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:48:50Z","timestamp":1780393730203,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002760","name":"British Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["QJEGH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability to identify similar sandstones to a given sample is important where the provenance of the sample is unknown or the quarry of origin is no longer in operation. In the case of building stones from heritage buildings in protected areas, it may be mandatory. Here, a proof of concept for an automated similarity measure is presented by means of a convolutional autoencoder that is able to extract features from a sample thin section and use these features to identify the most similar sample in an existing image library. The approach considers only the shape of the pore space between grains, as, if the pore space alone contains enough information to distinguish between samples, the required image pre-processing and training of a model is greatly simplified. The trained model is able to predict correctly the progenitor quarry of a thin section, from an eight-class dataset of Scottish sandstones, with an accuracy of 47.9%. This prototype, although insufficient for commercial purposes, forms a benchmark for future models against which improvements can be assessed and some of which are suggested.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p content-type=\"thematic-collection\">\n            <jats:bold>Thematic collection:<\/jats:bold>\n            This article is part of the Digitization and Digitalization in engineering geology and hydrogeology collection available at:\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/cc\/digitization-and-digitalization-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology\">https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/cc\/digitization-and-digitalization-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology<\/jats:ext-link>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/qjegh2020-183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T12:24:30Z","timestamp":1632918270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Machine learning applied to pore-space geometry in sandstones: a tool for evaluating grain-scale similarity?"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4173-0555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9378-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vyron","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0268-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Comparing point counting & image analysis in sandstone, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia","volume":"52","author":"Aziz I.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aziz, I.A. 2013. Comparing point counting & image analysis in sandstone, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia. In: 2nd International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sciences. International Proceedings of\u00a0Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (IPCBEE), 52, 20\u201324.","journal-title":"2nd International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","unstructured":"Berrezueta E. Gonz\u00e1lez L. et al. 2015. Optical image analysis applied to pore network quantification of sandstones under experimental CO 2 injection. Paper H41D-1351 presented at the AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 14\u201318 December 2015 San Francisco California USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"The OpenCV Library","volume":"120","author":"Bradski G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bradski, G. 2000. The OpenCV Library. 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