{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T22:31:58Z","timestamp":1781735518860,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439510400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            A number of Estonian Devonian fishes are shown to be junior synonyms of Scottish species. The Estonian sarcopterygian osteolepid\n            <jats:italic>Gyroptychius pauli<\/jats:italic>\n            was originally thought to be closely related to the Scottish species\n            <jats:italic>Gyroptychius milleri<\/jats:italic>\n            being differentiated by minor morphological differences of the skull roof. However, here we show that the only skull roof available of\n            <jats:italic>G. pauli<\/jats:italic>\n            to the original description (the holotype) was badly damaged in places. This and the fact that skull roofs of osteolepid fishes are morphologically highly variable has allowed us to compare the Estonian and Scottish species and show that\n            <jats:italic>G. pauli<\/jats:italic>\n            is a junior synonym of\n            <jats:italic>G. milleri<\/jats:italic>\n            . It has also been known for some time that Estonian coccosteid arthrodire\n            <jats:italic>Coccosteus orvikui<\/jats:italic>\n            was a junior synonym of the Scottish species\n            <jats:italic>Coccosteus cuspidatus<\/jats:italic>\n            . Here we present the evidence for this assumption and also show that the Scottish coccosteid arthrodire\n            <jats:italic>Millerosteus minor<\/jats:italic>\n            is almost certainly present in Estonia. Finally, it is shown that the three species have the same stratigraphical distribution in the two regions, strongly indicating a close faunal connection between the Middle Devonian of Estonia and the Middle Devonian Orcadian Basin of Scotland.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg2014-006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T20:29:36Z","timestamp":1445372976000},"page":"141-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Scottish Middle Devonian fishes in Estonia"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Newman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vine Lodge, Vine Road, Johnston, Haverfordwest SA62 3NZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elga","family":"Mark-Kurik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan L.","family":"Den Blaauwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivars","family":"Zupi\u0146\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum of Latvia, K. Barona 4, Riga LV-1050, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg36020151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"The Geology of Caithness","author":"Crampton C.B.","year":"1914","unstructured":"Crampton C.B., Carruthers R.G. 1914. The Geology of Caithness (Sheets 110, 116 with parts of 109, 115 and 117). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 8, HMSO, Edinburgh."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Placodermi. Handbook of Paleoichthyology, 2","author":"Denison R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Denison R. 1978. Placodermi. Handbook of Paleoichthyology, 2. 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Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn, 107\u2013121."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Fossil Fishes as Living Animals. Academy of Sciences of Estonia","author":"Kur\u0161s V.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kur\u0161s V. 1992. Depositional environment and burial conditions of fish remains in Baltic Middle Devonian. In: , Mark-Kurik E. (ed.) Fossil Fishes as Living Animals. Academy of Sciences of Estonia, Tallinn, 251\u2013260."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"The Middle Devonian fishes of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia) and Belarus","volume":"223","author":"Mark-Kurik E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mark-Kurik E. 2000. The Middle Devonian fishes of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia) and Belarus. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 223, 309\u2013324.","journal-title":"Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3176\/earth.2012.1.03"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall J.E.A. Rogers D.A. Whiteley M.J. 1996. Devonian marine incursions into the Orcadian Basin Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society London 153 451\u2013466 http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/gsjgs.153.3.0451","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.153.3.0451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marshall J.E.A. Astin T.R. Brown J.F. Mark-Kurik E. Lasauskiene J. 2007. Recognizing the Ka\u010d\u00e1k Event in the Devonian terrestrial environment and its implications for understanding land\u2013sea interactions. In : Becker R.T. Kirchgasser W.T.\n (eds) Devonian Events and Correlations . 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Third International Palaeontological Congress, London, 28 June-3 July 2010 IPC3 Pre-Conference Field Trip."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman M.J. den Blaauwen J.L. 2007. The synonymy of the Scottish Devonian osteolepid fish Thursius macrolepidotus . Scottish Journal of Geology 43 101\u2013106 http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/sjg43020101","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg43020101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","author":"Newman M.J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Newman M.J., Dean M.T. 2005. A Biostratigraphical Framework for the Geological Correlation of the Middle Devonian strata in the Moray\u2013Ness Basin Project Area. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR\/05\/160.","journal-title":"A Biostratigraphical Framework for the Geological Correlation of the Middle Devonian strata in the Moray\u2013Ness Basin Project Area"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman M.J. Trewin N.H. 2008. 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