{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T19:04:51Z","timestamp":1759777491259,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/P026214\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P026214\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020 Accelerating CCS Technologies"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/P026214\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P026214\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019625","name":"EIT Raw Materials","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SIT4ME project 17024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIT4ME project 17024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Scotland is committed to be a carbon-neutral society by 2040 and has achieved the important initial step of decarbonizing power production. However, more ambitious measures are required to fully decarbonize all of the electricity, transport and heating sectors.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We explore the potential to use low-carbon GeoEnergy resources and bioenergy combined with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in the Midland Valley area to decarbonize the Scottish economy and society. The Midland Valley has a long history of geological resource extraction and, as a result, the geology of the region is well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            Geothermal energy and subsurface energy storage have the potential to be implemented. Some of them, such as gravity and heat storage, could re-use the redundant mining infrastructure to decrease investment costs. Hydrogen storage could be of particular interest as the Midland Valley offers the required caprock\u2013reservoir assemblages. BECCS is also a promising option to reduce overall CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            emissions by between 1.10 and 4.40\u2005MtCO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            \u2005a\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            . The Midland Valley has enough space to grow the necessary crops, but CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            storage will most likely be implemented in North Sea saline aquifers. The studied aspects suggest that the Midland Valley represents a viable option in Scotland for the exploitation of the majority of low-carbon GeoEnergy resources.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p content-type=\"thematic-collection\">\n            <jats:bold>Thematic collection:<\/jats:bold>\n            This article is part of the \u2018Early Career Research\u2019 available at:\n            <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/cc\/SJG-early-career-research\">https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/cc\/SJG-early-career-research<\/jats:ext-link>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg2019-007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T20:45:13Z","timestamp":1568321113000},"page":"93-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Low-carbon GeoEnergy resource options in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9474-135X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, West Main Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK"},{"name":"Steinmann Institute \u2013 Geology, Bonn University, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9806-5600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Alcalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera ICTJA-CSIC, C\/ Llu\u00eds Sol\u00e9 I Sabar\u00eds s\/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose St, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose St, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8174-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. T.","family":"McCay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-1342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. G.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson CGG Services UK Ltd, Tyn Y Coed, Llanrhos, Llandudno LL30 1SA, UK"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"Optimising CO2 storage in geological formations; a case study offshore Scotland CO2 MultiStore project","author":"Akhurst M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akhurst, M., Callaghan, E. et al. 2015. Optimising CO2 storage in geological formations; a case study offshore Scotland CO2 MultiStore project. Scottish Carbon Capture and Storage, http:\/\/www.sccs.org.uk\/expertise\/reports\/co2multistore-joint-industry-project"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2018.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.06.087"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg30020105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.06.097"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"The Caledonian Orogeny in northern Britain \u2013 a state of the arc","volume":"24","author":"Armstrong A.A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Armstrong, A.A. & Owen, A.W. 2003. The Caledonian Orogeny in northern Britain \u2013 a state of the arc. The Open University Geological Society Journal, 24, 11\u201318.","journal-title":"The Open University Geological Society Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1470-9236\/08-081"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40899-017-0094-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2014.11.540"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816717-5.00004-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Crustal Evolution in Northwestern Britain and Adjacent Regions","author":"Bluck B.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bluck, B.J. 1978. Sedimentation in a late orogenic basin: the Old Red Sandstone of the Midland Valley of Scotland. In: Bowes, D.R. & Leake, B.E. (eds) Crustal Evolution in Northwestern Britain and Adjacent Regions. Geological Journal Special Issue, 10, 249\u2013278."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg21040437"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","volume-title":"A Lithostratigraphical Framework for the Carboniferous Rocks of the Midland Valley of Scotland","author":"Browne M.A.E.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Browne, M.A.E., Dean, M.T., Hall, I.H.S., McAdam, A.D., Monro, S.K. & Chisholm, J.I. 1999. A Lithostratigraphical Framework for the Carboniferous Rocks of the Midland Valley of Scotland. British Geological Survey, Keyworth."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","volume-title":"The Midland Valley","author":"Cameron I.B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cameron, I.B. & Stephenson, D. 1985. The Midland Valley. British Geological Survey, Keyworth."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2018.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","volume-title":"History of the Scottish Oil-Shale Industry","author":"Conacher H.R.J.","year":"1927","unstructured":"Conacher, H.R.J. 1927. History of the Scottish Oil-Shale Industry. 3rd edn. Reprinted from The Oil Shale of the Lothians. Memoirs of the Geological Survey, Scotland.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coward M.P. 1993. The effect of Late Caledonian and Variscan continental escape tectonics on basement structure Palaeozoic basin kinematics and subsequent Mesozoic basin development in NW Europe. In : Parker J.R. (ed.) Petroleum Geology of NW Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference. Geological Society London 1095\u20131108 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/0041095","DOI":"10.1144\/0041095"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"The Scottish oil-shale industry from the viewpoint of the modern-day shale-gas industry","volume":"465","author":"Dean G.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dean, G. 2018. The Scottish oil-shale industry from the viewpoint of the modern-day shale-gas industry. In: Craig, J., Gerali, F., MacAulay, F. & Sorkhabi, R. (eds) History of the European Oil and Gas Industry. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 465, 53\u201369, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/SP465.13","journal-title":"History of the European Oil and Gas Industry"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","unstructured":"Department for Business Energy & Industrial Strategy 2018. UK local authority and regional carbon dioxide emissions national statistics. UK local authority and regional estimates of carbon dioxide emissions from 2005. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/collections\/uk-local-authority-and-regional-carbon-dioxide-emissions-national-statistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","unstructured":"Department of Energy & Climate Change 2010. The hydrocarbon prospectivity of Britain's onshore basins \u2013 Coalbed Methane (CBM) https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/oil-and-gas-geoscientific-data [last accessed 6 October 2016]"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","unstructured":"Department of Energy & Climate Change 2013. The hydrocarbon prospectivity of Britain's onshore basins https:\/\/www.ogauthority.co.uk\/media\/1695\/uk_onshore_2013.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg2016-015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","volume-title":"Geothermal Energy \u2013 The Potential in the United Kingdom","author":"Downing R.A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Downing, R.A. & Gray, D.A. (eds) 1986a. Geothermal Energy \u2013 The Potential in the United Kingdom. HMSO, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014459878400200404"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2018.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","volume-title":"Energy, Transport and Environment Indicators","author":"Eurostat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eurostat 2018. Energy, Transport and Environment Indicators. 2018 edn. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2785\/94549"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.06.144"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/626825"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Aeolian sediments in the Late Devonian of Scottish Midland Valley","volume":"25","author":"Hall I.H.S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hall, I.H.S. & Chisholm, J.I. 1997. Aeolian sediments in the Late Devonian of Scottish Midland Valley. Scottish Journal of Geology, 25, 203\u2013208, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/sjg23020203","journal-title":"Scottish Journal of Geology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg21040547"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2018.09.149"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2010.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","unstructured":"INEOS 2013. An industry perspective: significant challenges and potential costs of CCS. Presented at \u2018Tackling industry's carbon emissions: drivers and barriers to CO\u2082 capture in Scotland' Grangemouth Scotland 10 October. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sccs.org.uk\/events\/past-events\/11-workshops-for-industrial-emitters-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pgeola.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","unstructured":"Kruck O. 2014. Assessment of the potential the actors and relevant business cases for large scale and seasonal storage of renewable electricity by hydrogen underground storage in Europe http:\/\/www.fch.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/project_results_and_deliverables\/D3.3_Benchmarking%20of%20selected%20storage%20options%20%28ID%202849644%29.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/jgs2016-069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","unstructured":"Law R Bridgland D. Nicholson D. & Chendorain M. 2015. Heat extraction from deep single wells. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 19\u201325 April 2015 Melbourne Australia https:\/\/pangea.stanford.edu\/ERE\/db\/WGC\/papers\/WGC\/2015\/28002.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Fevre C. 2013. Gas storage in Great Britain https:\/\/www.oxfordenergy.org\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/NG72.pdf","DOI":"10.26889\/9781907555657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2016.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Energy storage and smart energy systems","volume":"11","author":"Lund H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lund, H., \u00d8stergaard, P.A. et al. 2016. Energy storage and smart energy systems. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, 11, 3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5278\/ijsepm.2016.11.2","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.08.206"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg2016-008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.311"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","unstructured":"Milligan G. Wood G. et al. 2016. Hill of Banchory Geothermal Energy Project Feasibility Study. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.gov.scot\/Publications\/2016\/03\/6881"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","volume-title":"The Carboniferous Shales of the Midland Valley of Scotland: Geology and Resource Estimation","author":"Monaghan A.A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monaghan, A.A. 2014. The Carboniferous Shales of the Midland Valley of Scotland: Geology and Resource Estimation. British Geological Survey for Department of Energy and Climate Change, London, UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.05.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/0016-764904-142"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/pygs.59.1.289"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0311-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-5162(89)90078-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","volume-title":"Scotland's Aquifers and Groundwater Bodies","author":"\u00d3 Dochartaigh B.E.","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u00d3 Dochartaigh, B.E., MacDonald, A.M., Fitzsimons, V. & Ward, R., 2015. Scotland's Aquifers and Groundwater Bodies. British Geological Survey open Report OR\/15\/028. British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK, http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/511413\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-6505(94)90032-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2017.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18307"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_1","volume-title":"Levelised Cost of Storage for Gravitricity storage systems","author":"Schmidt O.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmidt, O. 2018. Levelised Cost of Storage for Gravitricity storage systems. Imperial College London (Consultants). Available upon request from Gravitricity, https:\/\/www.gravitricity.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_1","unstructured":"Scottish Government 2011. Scottish Government's Land Use Strategy. Getting the Best from Our Land. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/publications\/getting-best-land-land-use-strategy-scotland\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_1","unstructured":"Scottish Government 2016. Energy in Scotland 2016. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.gov.scot\/Topics\/Statistics\/Browse\/Business\/Energy\/EIS2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_1","unstructured":"Scottish Government 2017. Scottish Energy Strategy: The Future of Energy in Scotland. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/publications\/scottish-energy-strategy-future-energy-scotland-9781788515276\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_1","unstructured":"Scottish Government 2018. Oil and Gas Production Statistics 2017\u201318 https:\/\/www2.gov.scot\/Resource\/0054\/00540203.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_1","unstructured":"Scottish Parliament 2009. Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009. Edinburgh UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814104-5.00015-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_1","volume-title":"CO2 Aquifer Storage Site Evaluation and Monitoring","author":"Smith M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith, M., Campbell, D., Mackay, E. & Polson, D. 2011. CO2 Aquifer Storage Site Evaluation and Monitoring. Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/17527\/1\/CASSEM_Comp_12_12_11.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2870"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE01157E"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoker M.S. Praeg D. et al. 2005. Neogene evolution of the Atlantic continental margin of NW Europe (Lofoten Islands to SW Ireland): anything but passive. In : Dor\u00e9 A.G. & Vining B.A. (eds) Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives \u2013 Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference. Geological Society London 1057\u20131076 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/0061057","DOI":"10.1144\/0061057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_1","unstructured":"Succar S. & Williams R. 2008. Compressed Air Energy Storage: Theory Resources and Applications for Wind Power https:\/\/acee.princeton.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/SuccarWilliams_PEI_CAES_2008April8.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talebi B. Mirzaei P.A. Bastani A. & Haghighat F. 2016. A review of district heating systems: Modeling and Optimization. Frontiers in Built Environment 04 October 2016 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbuil.2016.00022","DOI":"10.3389\/fbuil.2016.00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomson K. & Underhill J.R. 1993. Controls on the development and evolution of structural styles in the Inner Moray Firth Basin. In : Parker J.R. (ed.) Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference. Geological Society London 1167\u20131178 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/0041167 Frontiers in Built Environment \u2019","DOI":"10.1144\/0041167"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GOS4P"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.03.1880"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2007.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Carboniferous and Permian magmatism in Scotland","volume":"223","author":"Upton B.G.J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Upton, B.G.J., Stephenson, D., Smedley, P.M., Wallis, S.M. & Fitton, J.G. 2004. Carboniferous and Permian magmatism in Scotland. In: Wilson, M., Neumann, E.-R., Davies, G.R., Timmerman, M.J., Heeremans, M. & Larsen, B.T. (eds) Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 223, 195\u2013218, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/GSL.SP.2004.223.01.09","journal-title":"Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2014.01.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_1","unstructured":"Walters A.B. 1976. Technical and environmental aspects of underground hydrogen storage. 1st World Hydrogen Energy Conference Miami Beach Florida USA 65\u201379."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg2019-012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/qjegh2016-016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/qjegh2017-029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2013.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/jgs2016-064"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2016.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2017.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_109_1","unstructured":"Younger P.L. Feliks M.E. et al. 2015. Renewing the exploration approach for mid-enthalpy systems: Examples from northern England and Scotland. World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne Australia 19\u201325 April 2015. Retrieved from http:\/\/eprints.gla.ac.uk\/107240\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/qjegh2016-053"}],"container-title":["Scottish Journal of Geology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/sjg2019-007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T16:44:08Z","timestamp":1732034648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/sjg2019-007"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geoscienceworld.org\/sjg\/article-lookup?doi=10.1144\/sjg2019-007","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/sjg2019-007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/sjg2019-007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-9276","2041-4951"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0036-9276"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2041-4951"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-16","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}