{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:07:39Z","timestamp":1768000059170,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SJG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A set of four gravel beach ridges at Caerlaverock on the north shore of the Solway Firth are shown to have formed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries\n            <jats:sc>ad<\/jats:sc>\n            , the most recent such deposits on this coast. They were investigated by geomorphological mapping, altitudinal survey, sediment stratigraphic and clast lithological analyses to establish their internal structure and sediment sources. Gravel clasts were in part transported from rock outcrops on the west side of the Nith Estuary, and this observation implies that the current estuarine sediment fills of the inner firth were then far less extensive. The data suggest that the Medieval period was one of major coastal change. Fluctuations in sediment supply are demonstrated from the clast lithological analyses which may relate to shifts in the directions of storm tracks.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg43020115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,15]],"date-time":"2010-01-15T00:30:59Z","timestamp":1263515459000},"page":"115-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structure, composition and significance of Medieval storm beach ridges at Caerlaverock, Dumfries and Galloway"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Tipping","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Stirling University, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK (e-mail:)"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Stirling University, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK (e-mail:)"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Moricambe in Roman times and Roman sites on the Cumberland coast","volume":"50","author":"BELLHOUSE R.L.","year":"1962","unstructured":"BELLHOUSE, R.L. 1962. Moricambe in Roman times and Roman sites on the Cumberland coast. Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 3rd Series, 50, 56\u201372.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 3rd Series"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Excavations at Caerlaverock Old Castle 1998\u201399","author":"BRANN M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"BRANN, M. 2004. Excavations at Caerlaverock Old Castle 1998\u201399, Dumfries & Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Dumfries."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"1:50 000 Sheet 6W (Solid Geology) Kirkbean","author":"BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY","year":"1998","unstructured":"BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1998. 1:50 000 Sheet 6W (Solid Geology) Kirkbean, HMSO, Edinburgh."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"History and Climate Change: A Eurocentric Perspective","author":"BROWN N.","year":"2001","unstructured":"BROWN, N. 2001. History and Climate Change: A Eurocentric Perspective, Routledge, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04965-5_27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"1: 50 000 Sheet 6 (Drift Edition) Annan","author":"GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN (SCOTLAND)","year":"1983","unstructured":"GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN (SCOTLAND) 1983. 1: 50 000 Sheet 6 (Drift Edition) Annan, HMSO, Edinburgh."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00369229818737026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Holocene raised coastal sediments and former shorelines of Dumfriesshire and eastern Galloway","volume":"55","author":"JARDINE W.G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"JARDINE, W.G. 1980. Holocene raised coastal sediments and former shorelines of Dumfriesshire and eastern Galloway. Transactions of the Dumfries & Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 55, 1\u201359.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Dumfries & Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"A415","article-title":"Ostracoda from the moats of a medieval castle, Scotland","volume":"27","author":"KONTROWITZ M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"KONTROWITZ, M., SLACK, J.M. & GRIFFITHS, H.I. 1995. Ostracoda from the moats of a medieval castle, Scotland. Geological Society of America Abstracts, 27, A415.","journal-title":"Geological Society of America Abstracts"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","volume-title":"Climate: Present, Past and Future, 1","author":"LAMB H.H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"LAMB, H.H. 1977. Climate: Present, Past and Future, 1, Methuen, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","volume-title":"Geology of the Kircudbright\u2013Dalbeattie District","author":"LINTERN B.C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"LINTERN, B.C. & FLOYD, J.D. 2000. Geology of the Kircudbright\u2013Dalbeattie District, The Stationery Office, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-6182(99)00009-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","volume-title":"Investigations int Some Aspects of the Physiography of the Upper Solway Marshes and Mosses","author":"MARSHALL J.R.","year":"1961","unstructured":"MARSHALL, J.R. 1961. Investigations int Some Aspects of the Physiography of the Upper Solway Marshes and Mosses. PhD Thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00369226208735859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","volume-title":"Geology of the New Galloway and Thornhill District","author":"MCMILLAN A.A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"MCMILLAN, A.A. 2002. Geology of the New Galloway and Thornhill District, The Stationery Office, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","volume-title":"The Severn Estuary: Landscape Evolution and Wetland Reclamation","author":"RIPPON S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"RIPPON, S. 1997. The Severn Estuary: Landscape Evolution and Wetland Reclamation, Leicester University Press, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jqs.710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/095968300676735907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/sjg39020097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Excavations at Caerlaverock Old Castle 1998\u201399","author":"TIPPING R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"TIPPING, R., DAVIES, A., DAWSON, A., DAWSON, S., SMITH, D., TISDALL, E. & TYLER, A. 2004a. Landscape development and the Medieval coastline. In Brann, M. (ed.) Excavations at Caerlaverock Old Castle 1998\u201399, Dumfries & Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Dumfries, 9\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Excavations at Caerlaverock Old Castle 1998\u201399","author":"TIPPING R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"TIPPING, R., DAVIES, A., DAWSON, A., DAWSON, S., KONTROWITZ, M., SMITH, D., TISDALL, E. & TYLER, A. 2004b. Medieval coastal impacts on Caerlaverock Castle. In Brann, M. (ed.) Excavations at Caerlaverock Old Castle 1998\u201399, Dumfries & Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Dumfries, 99\u2013109."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","volume-title":"Sea-level Changes: North-West England during the Flandrian Stage","author":"TOOLEY M.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"TOOLEY, M.J. 1978. Sea-level Changes: North-West England during the Flandrian Stage, Clarendon Press, Oxford."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095968369700700206"}],"container-title":["Scottish Journal of Geology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/sjg43020115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T17:19:14Z","timestamp":1732036754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/sjg43020115"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/geoscienceworld.org\/sjg\/article-lookup?doi=10.1144\/sjg43020115","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/sjg43020115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/sjg43020115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-9276","2041-4951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-9276","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-4951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-06-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}