{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:56:57Z","timestamp":1769083017875,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Regional metamorphic rocks in the Pakistan Himalaya include both UHP coesite eclogite-facies and MP\/T kyanite\u2013sillimanite-grade Barrovian metamorphic rocks. Age data show that peak metamorphism of both was\n            <jats:italic>c.<\/jats:italic>\n            47 Ma.\n            <jats:sup>40<\/jats:sup>\n            Ar\u2013\n            <jats:sup>39<\/jats:sup>\n            Ar hornblende cooling ages date post-peak metamorphic cooling of both through 500 \u00b0C by 40 Ma, some 20 Ma earlier than for metamorphic rocks in the central and eastern Himalaya. Typically these ages have been explained by obduction of the Kohistan arc onto the Indian plate at about 50 Ma and India\u2013Asia collision. We suggest instead that the earlier metamorphic and cooling ages of the Pakistani Barrovian metamorphic sequence could be partially explained by Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene crustal thickening linked to obduction of an ophiolite thrust sheet onto the leading edge of the Indian plate, similar to the Spontang Ophiolite in Ladakh. Heating following on from this Paleocene crustal thickening explains peak Barrovian metamorphism within 5\u201310 Ma of subsequent obduction of Kohistan. Remnants of the ophiolite sheet, and underlying Tethyan sediments, are preserved in NW India and in western Pakistan but not in northern Pakistan. Tectonic erosion removed all cover sequences (including the ophiolites) from the Indian plate basement.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sp338.16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,28]],"date-time":"2010-09-28T16:25:32Z","timestamp":1285691132000},"page":"345-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Was Late Cretaceous\u2013Paleocene obduction of ophiolite complexes the primary cause of crustal thickening and regional metamorphism in the Pakistan Himalaya?"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"338","author":[{"given":"M. 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