{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:05:05Z","timestamp":1770509105331,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The immense size of many pterosaurs is now well known to academics and laymen alike, but truly enormous forms with wingspans more than twice those of the largest modern birds were not discovered until 83 years after the first pterosaur fossils were found. These remains were discovered in an expedition to the Cretaceous chalk deposits of Kansas led by O.C. Marsh in 1870: initially revealing animals with 6.6 m wingspans, Marsh eventually found material from animals estimated to span 7.6 m. Marsh's record breaking pterosaur \u2013 the largest flying animal known for nearly 80 years \u2013 was equalled by a supposed wing bone described by C.A.\n            <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">Arambourg in 1954<\/jats:xref>\n            , and then surpassed with the discovery of the 10 m span azhdarchid\n            <jats:italic>Quetzalcoatlus northropi<\/jats:italic>\n            by D. Lawson in 1972. Subsequent fragmentary azhdarchid discoveries suggest even larger forms: reinterpreting Arambourg's \u2018wing bone\u2019 as a cervical vertebra suggests an animal with an 11\u201313 m wingspan, while the Romanian taxon\n            <jats:italic>Hatzegopteryx thambema<\/jats:italic>\n            is a particularly large and robust form with a 12 m wingspan. Giant pterosaur footprints are also known, with the largest footprints recording walking azhdarchids of comparable size to those suggested by body fossils.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sp343.19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,6]],"date-time":"2010-10-06T16:39:24Z","timestamp":1286383164000},"page":"313-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>Pteranodon<\/i>\n            and beyond: the history of giant pterosaurs from 1870 onwards"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"343","author":[{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Witton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeobiology Research Group, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK (e-mail: )"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4983.2008.00761.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Sur la pr\u00e9sence d'un pt\u00e9rosaurien gigantesue dans les phosphates de Jordanie","volume":"283","author":"Arambourg C.","year":"1954","unstructured":"Arambourg C.Sur la pr\u00e9sence d'un pt\u00e9rosaurien gigantesue dans les phosphates de JordanieCanadian Royal Academy of Science, Paris1954283133134","journal-title":"Canadian Royal Academy of Science, Paris"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Titanopteryx phildelphiae nov. gen., nov. sp., pterosaurien g\u00e9ant","volume":"7","author":"Arambourg C.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Arambourg C.Titanopteryx phildelphiae nov. gen., nov. sp., pterosaurien g\u00e9antNotes et M\u00e9moirses du Moyen Orient19597229234","journal-title":"Notes et M\u00e9moirses du Moyen Orient"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10292389509380522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","volume-title":"The Dinosaur Heresies","author":"Bakker R. 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