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Transplants were collected after 2 and 3 month exposure periods. The elemental compositions of\n            <jats:italic>Hypogymnia<\/jats:italic>\n            and potential sources of particulates in the study area (smelter blast furnace and converter dusts, wastes, tailings, road dusts, metallurgical slags and top soils) were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and quadrupole ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the Pb isotope compositions of the lichens and smelter dusts by multicollector ICP-MS. Particulates on lichen surfaces were analysed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The method of lichen transplantation, combined with multi-element and surface particle elemental analysis, high-precision Pb isotope ratio determinations and modelling, was shown to be useful for the tracing of the smelter signal, and components from different smelter processes, for more than 25 km from Karabash town. The lichen monitoring methodology is discrete and comparatively low cost, enabling atmospheric deposition from natural and anthropogenic sources to be determined over short (&lt;3 month) periods, and is therefore a valuable qualitative tool for environmental forensics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sp384.6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T01:41:26Z","timestamp":1372297286000},"page":"133-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Lichen monitoring as a potential tool in environmental forensics: case study of the Cu smelter and former mining town of Karabash, Russia"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"384","author":[{"given":"O. W.","family":"Purvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter \u2013 Cornwall Campus, Camborne School of Mines, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter \u2013 Cornwall Campus, Camborne School of Mines, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Spiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Udachin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass 456317, Russia"}]},{"given":"I. 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