none 10.1144/SP389.7 Geological Society of London Geological Society of London 1881 65809748 65091 2024072310101900323 10.1144 2024-07-23T20:48:35Z 2013-11-27T21:56:39Z 16 Geological Society, London, Special Publications SP 0305-8719 2041-4927 01 26 2015 01 2015 389 1 I. D. Bastow Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK D. W. Eaton Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 J.-M. Kendall Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK G. Helffrich Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK D. B. Snyder Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E9 D. A. Thompson School of Earth and the Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK J. Wookey Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK F. A. Darbyshire Centre de Recherche GEOTOP, Université du Québec á Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8 A. E. Pawlak Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Abstract Hudson Bay Lithospheric Experiment (HuBLE) was designed to understand the processes that formed Laurentia and the Hudson Bay basin within it. Receiver function analysis shows that Archaean terranes display structurally simple, uniform thickness, felsic crust. Beneath the Palaeoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen (THO), thicker, more complex crust is interpreted as evidence for a secular evolution in crustal formation from non-plate-tectonic in the Palaeoarchaean to fully developed plate tectonics by the Palaeoproterozoic. Corroborating this hypothesis, anisotropy studies reveal 1.8 Ga plate-scale THO-age fabrics. Seismic tomography shows that the Proterozoic mantle has lower wavespeeds than surrounding Archaean blocks; the Laurentian keel thus formed partly in post-Archaean times. A mantle transition zone study indicates ‘normal’ temperatures beneath the Laurentian keel, so any cold mantle down-welling associated with the regional free-air gravity anomaly is probably confined to the upper mantle. Focal mechanisms from earthquakes indicate that present-day crustal stresses are influenced by glacial rebound and pre-existing faults. Ambient-noise tomography reveals a low-velocity anomaly, coincident with a previously inferred zone of crustal stretching, eliminating eclogitization of lower crustal rocks as a basin formation mechanism. Hudson Bay is an ephemeral feature, caused principally by incomplete glacial rebound. 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