none 10.1144/SP393.6 Geological Society of London Geological Society of London 1881 65027550 65091 2024072310095400922 10.1144 2024-07-23T20:01:32Z 2013-10-25T01:15:05Z 6 Geological Society, London, Special Publications SP 0305-8719 2041-4927 01 14 2015 01 2015 393 1 Lawrence M. Cathles Abstract The world contains the energy and mineral resources needed to sustain 10.5 billion (the level the world population is expected to reach in 2100) at a European standard of living for hundreds of centuries. Using physical and chemical principles to extrapolate from what we know, it is shown that the required resources are present, largely in the world's oceans. The environmental consequences of shifting to ocean supply will be positive, and a transition from fossil fuels to low carbon energy sources is provided by natural gas. The eventual steps required are big (thousands of nuclear reactors, country-size solar facilities in desert areas, large mining operations) and there are risks, but the risks are small compared with failing to meet the expectations of a growing world. 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