{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T13:39:41Z","timestamp":1776519581679,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Oxygenation of the Proterozoic atmosphere caused the progressive build-up of dissolved sulphate on the continents and in marine environments. However, oxygen levels in the Proterozoic were low enough to allow the early burial of biological material into low redox potential environments where permineralization and the authigenic replacement of organic material, including micro-organisms, occurred by a range of minerals. Consequently, microbial sulphate reduction caused the widespread degradation of organic matter and, where iron was available, the precipitation of pyrite. By contrast, where sulphate levels were low, early preservation by other minerals (e.g. phosphate or silica) could be excellent. We show, using two Proterozoic lake sequences with low and high sulphate chemistries, but with otherwise similar characteristics, that microbial sulphate reduction caused a profound loss of morphological detail and diversity within preserved microfossils. The results could imply that there is a significant bias in the Proterozoic fossil record towards low sulphate environments, which were in reality relatively scarce.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sp448.6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T01:43:28Z","timestamp":1473990208000},"page":"105-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Contrasting microfossil preservation and lake chemistries within the 1200\u20131000 Ma Torridonian Supergroup of NW Scotland"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"448","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Wacey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Brasier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Parnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Culwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Spinks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Mineral Resources Flagship, Australian Resources Research Centre, Perth, WA 6151, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Boyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Davidheiser-Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heejin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt R.","family":"Kilburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/0016-76492009-105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precamres.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2011.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1991)019<1221:POSBFB>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.296.6.633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","volume-title":"Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy","author":"Brydson R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"BrydsonR. 2001. 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