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Cretaceous third- and fourth-order hothouse sea-level changes, the sequence-stratigraphic framework, are linked to Milankovitch-type climate cycles, especially the longer-period sequence-building bands of 405 kyr and 1.2 myr. In the absence of continental ice sheets during Cretaceous hothouse phases (e.g. Cenomanian\u2013Turonian), growing evidence indicates groundwater-related sea-level cycles: (1) the existence of Milankovitch-type humid-arid climate oscillations, proven via intense humid weathering records during times of regression and sea-level lowstands; (2) missing or inverse relationships of sea-level and the marine \u03b4\n            <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n            O archives, i.e. the lack of a pronounced positive excursion, cooling signal during sea-level lowstands; and (3) the anti-phase relationship of sea and lake levels, attesting to high groundwater levels and charged continental aquifers during sea-level lowstands. This substantiates the aquifer-eustasy hypothesis. Rates of aquifer-eustatic sea-level change remain hard to decipher; however, reconstructions range from a very conservative minimum estimate of 0.04 mm a\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (longer time intervals) to 0.7 mm a\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (shorter, probably asymmetric cycles). Remarkably, aquifer-eustasy is recognized as a significant component for the Anthropocene sea-level budget.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sp498-2019-105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T18:35:11Z","timestamp":1574188511000},"page":"9-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Aquifer-eustasy as the main driver of short-term sea-level fluctuations during Cretaceous hothouse climate phases"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"498","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1123-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Sames","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, UZA 2, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave, Norman, OK 73072, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8828-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Wagreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, UZA 2, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4314-2351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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