{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T04:41:16Z","timestamp":1759207276918,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622678400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The aim of this paper is to document and compare the 2D qualitative and semi-quantitative methods currently used to describe the shape of gold grains in fluvial environments with the 3D quantitative methods using X-ray microtomography and SEM photogrammetry. These 3D methods are used to compute flatness, roundness, convexity, sphericity and ellipticity shape descriptors of 13 gold grains from the Rivi\u00e8re du Moulin (Qu\u00e9bec, Canada) in order to quantify the morphological change along 9 km of fluvial transport. Gold grains have moderate to high values of flatness, compactness, sphericity and ellipticity indices that do not change significantly with distance of transport, whereas the roundness increases during transport. Gold grains are used to compare 2D and 3D methods, and the results show small differences (&lt;8%) when shape descriptors are computed using image analysis software, whereas the difference (up to 70%) is more important for 2D measurements performed by a human operator. For application and characterization on a large set of gold grains, the 2D methods offer the advantage of speed, whereas, for a more detailed study on a limited number of gold grains, 3D methods enable estimation of the volume and yield more detailed shape descriptor changes during fluvial transport.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sp516-2020-186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T10:51:21Z","timestamp":1618829481000},"page":"337-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Multi-method 2D and 3D reconstruction of gold grain morphology in alluvial deposits: a review and application to the Rivi\u00e8re du Moulin (Qu\u00e9bec, Canada)"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"516","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3244-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier","family":"Masson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ologie et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9ologique, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur la G\u00e9ologie et l'Ing\u00e9nierie des Ressources Min\u00e9rales (E4m), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4029-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ologie et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9ologique, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur la G\u00e9ologie et l'Ing\u00e9nierie des Ressources Min\u00e9rales (E4m), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-5955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Laurendeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche sur la G\u00e9ologie et l'Ing\u00e9nierie des Ressources Min\u00e9rales (E4m), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de G\u00e9nie \u00c9lectrique et de G\u00e9nie Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC, Canada"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001246"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"A new method of expressing particle sphericity","volume":"26","author":"Aschenbrenner B.C.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Aschenbrenner, B.C. 1956. A new method of expressing particle sphericity. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 26, 15\u201331.","journal-title":"Journal of Sedimentary Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00710-015-0399-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2005.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/econgeo.111.6.1321"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference","author":"Cignoni P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cignoni, P., Callieri, M., Corsini, M., Dellepiane, M., Ganovelli, F. and Ranzuglia, G. 2008. Meshlab: an open-source mesh processing tool. In: Scarano, V., De Chiara, R. and Erra, U. (eds) Proceedings of the Sixth Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference. The Eurographics Association, 129\u2013136."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00126-012-0417-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2016.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2007.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Gisements alluviaux d'or [Alluvial Gold Placers]","author":"Dilabio R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dilabio, R. 1991. Classification and interpretation of the shapes and surface textures of gold grains from till. In: Herail, G. and Fornari, N. (eds) Gisements alluviaux d'or [Alluvial Gold Placers]. ORSTOM, Paris, 297\u2013313."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Exploration in British Columbia 1989","author":"Eyles N.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eyles, N. 1989. Post-depositional nugget accretion in Cenozoic placer gold deposits, Cariboo Mining District, British Columbia. In:Exploration in British Columbia 1989. British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Vancouver, Canada, 147\u2013169."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Student operator error in determination of roundness, sphericity, and grain size","volume":"25","author":"Folk R.L.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Folk, R.L. 1955. Student operator error in determination of roundness, sphericity, and grain size. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 25, 297\u2013301.","journal-title":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sandf.2012.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/e86-154"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-6742(91)90032-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00206168"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2005.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","volume-title":"\u00c9tude structurale du lineament Magador, R\u00e9gion de Beauceville, Projet Magador","author":"H\u00e9bert Y.","year":"2001","unstructured":"H\u00e9bert, Y. 2001. \u00c9tude structurale du lineament Magador, R\u00e9gion de Beauceville, Projet Magador. Minist\u00e8re des Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9nergie et des Ressources naturelles, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-555X(89)90021-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Morphological and chemical evolution of gold grains during the formation of a polygenic fluviatile placer: the Mio-Pleistocene Tipuani placer example (Andes, Bolivia)","volume":"500","author":"H\u00e9rail G.","year":"1990","unstructured":"H\u00e9rail, G., Fornari, M., Viscarra, G. and Miranda, V. 1990. Morphological and chemical evolution of gold grains during the formation of a polygenic fluviatile placer: the Mio-Pleistocene Tipuani placer example (Andes, Bolivia). Chronique de la Recherche Miniere, 500, 41\u201349.","journal-title":"Chronique de la Recherche Miniere"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/D4267F0A-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/74D714C4-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sedgeo.2017.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.94.5.635"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles","volume":"11","author":"Krumbein W.C.","year":"1941","unstructured":"Krumbein, W.C. 1941. Measurement and geological significance of shape and roundness of sedimentary particles. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 11(2), 64\u201372, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1306\/D42690F3-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","journal-title":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/D42685BD-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"Use of placer gold characteristics to locate bedrock gold mineralization","volume":"4","author":"Loen J.S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Loen, J.S. 1995. Use of placer gold characteristics to locate bedrock gold mineralization. Exploration and Mining Geology, 4, 335\u2013339.","journal-title":"Exploration and Mining Geology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2110\/jsr.2020.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-7873\/10-IM-026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.94.5.665"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.88.2.237"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1342-937X(05)71119-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/D4269567-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Yukon Exploration and Geology","author":"Rasmussen K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rasmussen, K., Mortensen, J., Falck, H., Emond, D., Lewis, L. and Weston, L. 2006. Morphological and compositional analysis of placer gold in the South Nahanni River drainage, Northwest Territories. In: Emond, D.S., Lewis, L.L. and Weston, L.H. (eds) Yukon Exploration and Geology. Yukon Geological Survey, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada, 237\u2013250."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Projection sphericity","volume":"11","author":"Riley N.A.","year":"1941","unstructured":"Riley, N.A. 1941. Projection sphericity. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 11, 94\u201397.","journal-title":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/qua.2018.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","first-page":"703","article-title":"Stratigraphy of placer gold deposits; overburden drilling in Chaudiere Valley, Quebec","volume":"86","author":"Shilts W.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shilts, W.W. and Smith, S.L. 1986. Stratigraphy of placer gold deposits; overburden drilling in Chaudiere Valley, Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada Papers, 86, 703\u2013712.","journal-title":"Geological Survey of Canada Papers"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Prospecting in Areas of Glaciated Terranes \u20131988","author":"Shilts W.W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shilts, W.W. and Smith, S.L. 1988. Glacial geology and overburden drilling in prospecting for buried gold placer deposits, southeastern Quebec. In: MacDonald, D.R. and Mills, K.A. (eds) Prospecting in Areas of Glaciated Terranes \u20131988. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 141\u2013168."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/1467-787302-042"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.74.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Rounding of ore particles from the Witwatersrand gold and uranium deposit (South Africa) as an indicator of their detrital origin","volume":"50","author":"Utter T.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Utter, T. 1980. Rounding of ore particles from the Witwatersrand gold and uranium deposit (South Africa) as an indicator of their detrital origin. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 50, 71\u201376.","journal-title":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/623964"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/624040"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"The shapes of beach pebbles","volume":"131","author":"Wentworth C.K.","year":"1922","unstructured":"Wentworth, C.K. 1922. The shapes of beach pebbles. United States Geological Survey Professional Papers, 131-C, 75\u201383.","journal-title":"United States Geological Survey Professional Papers"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","first-page":"563","article-title":"Morphology and chemistry of placer gold grains\u2013indicators of the origin of the placers: an example from the East Sudetic Foreland, Poland","volume":"52","author":"Wierchowiec J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wierchowiec, J. 2002. Morphology and chemistry of placer gold grains\u2013indicators of the origin of the placers: an example from the East Sudetic Foreland, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 52, 563\u2013576.","journal-title":"Acta Geologica Polonica"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Experimental abrasion of detrital gold","volume":"3","author":"Yeend W.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Yeend, W.E. 1975. Experimental abrasion of detrital gold. Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, 3, 203\u2013212.","journal-title":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.94.5.615"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00288306.2002.9514959"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Beitrag zur schotteranalyse","volume":"15","author":"Zingg T.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Zingg, T. 1935. Beitrag zur schotteranalyse. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 15, 39\u2013140.","journal-title":"Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen"}],"container-title":["Geological Society, London, Special Publications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/SP516-2020-186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T16:23:45Z","timestamp":1732033425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/SP516-2020-186"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/UrlRedirectHandler.ashx?routename=books&chapterdoi=10.1144\/SP516-2020-186&request=chapter","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/SP516-2020-186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/sp516-2020-186","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-8719","2041-4927"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0305-8719"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2041-4927"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-01","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}