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In total, 692 occurrences and 1194 individual mineral samples of volcanogenic massive sulfides and hydrothermal mineralization, ferromanganese crusts, phosphorites, marine placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, and their associated strategic and critical raw material (CRM) elements have been characterized. The GeoERA-MINDeSEA project has been built based on extensive studies carried out previously, which include geophysical surveys, sampling stations, underwater photography and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) surveys, and mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic studies. This study develops pan-European and national databases, and expands strategic and CRM knowledge through a compilation of mineral potential and metallogenic studies of CRM resources in European seas. For the first time, the GeoERA-MINDeSEA portal publishes harmonized marine mineral resource information, case studies and maps, and identifies potential areas for responsible resource exploration and extraction, strategic management, and marine spatial planning. This study also provides recommendations for future target areas, studies and standards to be used across Europe as part of this project.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sp526-2022-150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T10:39:29Z","timestamp":1666348769000},"page":"289-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["MINDeSEA: exploring seabed mineral deposits in European seas, metallogeny and geological potential for strategic and critical raw materials"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"526","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6311-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Spain (IGME-CSIC), C\/Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Medialdea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Spain (IGME-CSIC), C\/Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Schiellerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, 7040 Trondheim, Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Zananiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Survey of Geology &amp; Mineral Exploration (HSGME), 1 Spirou Loui Street, Olympic Village, 13677 Acharnae, Greece"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Energy and Geology (LNEG), Estrada da Portela Bairro do Zambujal Apartado 7586, Alfragide, 2610-999 Amadora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Somoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Spain (IGME-CSIC), C\/Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Monteys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI), Booterstown Hall, Booterstown, Blackrock, Dublin A94 N2R6, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Alcorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI), Booterstown Hall, Booterstown, Blackrock, Dublin A94 N2R6, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Egidio","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Spain (IGME-CSIC), C\/Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ana B.","family":"Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Spain (IGME-CSIC), C\/Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain"}]},{"given":"\u00cd\u00f1igo","family":"Zalba-Balda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Spain (IGME-CSIC), C\/Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Geozentrum Hanover, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hanover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Nyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU), Villav\u00e4gen 18, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Malyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoInform of Ukraine (GIU), Antona Tsedika Street 16, Kyiv 03057, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Vitor","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Rua C do Aeroporto, 1749-077 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, 2885 Mission Street, CA 95060, USA"}]},{"given":"Georgy","family":"Cherkashov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean (VNIIO), 1 Angliisky Avenue, 190121 St Petersburg, Russia"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17220-5_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","volume-title":"Phosphorites on the Sea Floor","author":"Baturin G.N.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Baturin, G.N. 1982. 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