{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:46:03Z","timestamp":1776401163152,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Geological Society of London","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-010"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-033"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-002"}],"funder":[{"name":"BGS Onshore Carboniferous Basins Consortium"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.lyellcollection.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This is a guide to the key exposures of the Bowland Shale Formation present within the Craven and Edale basins of England, providing contrasting settings from respectively the northern and southern parts of the Craven Group extent. It provides a description of the evolution of the deposition of the hemipelagic mudstone-dominated components of the Craven Group during the Visean to early Namurian (Mississippian to early Pennsylvanian). It explains the significance of the chosen localities in understanding the development of the Bowland Shale Formation and gives details on the sections visible at the time of compilation, providing useful guidance for field visits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1144\/sp534-2021-174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T17:18:40Z","timestamp":1668446320000},"page":"257-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Guide to key Bowland Shale Formation outcrop localities in the Craven and Edale basins"],"prefix":"10.1144","volume":"534","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6113-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin N.","family":"Waters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5456-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B.","family":"Haslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2084-0501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Emmings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CGG Robertson, Tyn Y Coed, Pentywyn Road, Llandudno LL30, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick J.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carboniferous Ltd, Glendevon, Selby Lane, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5AH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1881","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1306\/74D709FC-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","volume-title":"Geology of the Country Around Settle","author":"Arthurton R.S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Arthurton, R.S., Johnson, E.W. and Mundy, D.J.C. 1988. Geology of the Country Around Settle. British Geological Survey, Memoirs, Sheet 60 (England & Wales)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"On Cravenoceras leion sp. nov","volume":"20","author":"Bisat W.S.","year":"1930","unstructured":"Bisat, W.S. 1930. On Cravenoceras leion sp. nov. Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association, 20, 28\u201332.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The goniatite succession at Cowdale Clough, Barnoldswick, Yorkshire","volume":"6","author":"Bisat W.S.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Bisat, W.S. 1952. The goniatite succession at Cowdale Clough, Barnoldswick, Yorkshire. Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association, 6, 155\u2013181.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","volume-title":"Geology of the Country Around Lancaster","author":"Brandon A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brandon, A., Aitkenhead, N., Crofts, R.G., Ellison, R.A., Evans, D.J. and Riley, N.J. 1998. Geology of the Country Around Lancaster. Geological Survey of Great Britain, Memoirs, Sheet 60 (England & Wales)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","volume-title":"Clitheroe. England & Wales Sheet 68. Solid Geology. 1:63 360","author":"British Geological Survey","year":"1971","unstructured":"British Geological Survey. 1971. Clitheroe. England & Wales Sheet 68. Solid Geology. 1:63 360. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","volume-title":"Chapel-en-le-Frith. England & Wales Sheet 99. Solid Geology. 1:50 000","author":"British Geological Survey","year":"1987","unstructured":"British Geological Survey. 1987. Chapel-en-le-Frith. England & Wales Sheet 99. Solid Geology. 1:50 000. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","volume-title":"Settle. England & Wales Sheet 60. Solid Geology. 1:50 000","author":"British Geological Survey","year":"1989","unstructured":"British Geological Survey. 1989. Settle. England & Wales Sheet 60. Solid Geology. 1:50 000. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","volume-title":"Lancaster. England & Wales Sheet 59. Solid with Drift Geology. 1:50 000","author":"British Geological Survey","year":"1995","unstructured":"British Geological Survey. 1995. Lancaster. England & Wales Sheet 59. Solid with Drift Geology. 1:50 000. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","volume-title":"1:625 000 Scale Bedrock Geology UK South","author":"British Geological Survey","year":"2007","unstructured":"British Geological Survey. 2007. 1:625 000 Scale Bedrock Geology UK South. 5th edn. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","unstructured":"Chadwick R.A. Jackson D.I. 2001. The Geology of the Isle of Man and its Offshore Area. British Geological Survey Research Report RR\/01\/06."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","first-page":"257","volume-title":"British Lower Carboniferous Stratigraphy","author":"Cossey P.J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cossey, P.J., Riley, N.J., Adams, A.E. and Miller, J. 2004. Craven Basin. In: Cossey, P.J., Adams, A.E., Purnell, M.A., Whiteley, M.J., Whyte, M.A. and Wright, V.P. (eds) British Lower Carboniferous Stratigraphy. Geological Conservation Review Series 29. JNCC, Peterborough, 257\u2013302."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","unstructured":"Dean M.T. Browne M.A.E. Waters C.N. and Powell J.H. 2011. A Lithostratigraphical Framework for the Carboniferous Successions of Northern Great Britain (Onshore). British Geological Survey Research Report RR\/10\/07."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/pygs.46.3.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S001675680009539X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","volume-title":"Geology of the Country around Clitheroe and Nelson","author":"Earp J.R.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Earp, J.R., Magraw, D., Poole, E.G., Land, D.H. and Whiteman, A.J. 1961. Geology of the Country around Clitheroe and Nelson. Geological Survey of Great Britain, Memoirs, Sheet 68 (E&W)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revpalbo.2019.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sed.12642"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2019.109423"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2020.104567"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1924.080.01-04.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conodont zonation of the late Visean\u2013early Westphalian strata of the south and central Pennines of northern England","volume":"53","author":"Higgins A.C.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Higgins, A.C. 1975. Conodont zonation of the late Visean\u2013early Westphalian strata of the south and central Pennines of northern England. Bulletin of the Geological Survey, Great Britain, 53, 1\u201390.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Geological Survey, Great Britain"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7878(30)80021-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1945.101.01-04.02"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_1","volume-title":"Carboniferous Geology: Bowland Fells to Pendle Hill","author":"Kabrna P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kabrna, P. (ed.) 2011. Carboniferous Geology: Bowland Fells to Pendle Hill. Craven & Pendle Geological Society."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Carboniferous Geology: Bowland Fells to Pendle Hill","author":"Kane I.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kane, I. 2011. Pendle Hill \u2013 a turbulent past. In: Kabrna, P. (ed.) Carboniferous Geology: Bowland Fells to Pendle Hill. Craven & Pendle Geological Society, 97\u2013132."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2110\/jsr.2009.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_1","volume-title":"The Structure and Evolution of the Craven Basin and Adjacent Areas. Subsurface Geology Memoirs","author":"Kirby G.A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kirby, G.A., Baily, H.E. 2000. The Structure and Evolution of the Craven Basin and Adjacent Areas. Subsurface Geology Memoirs. The Stationery Office for the British Geological Survey, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI. Unterkarbon (Mississippium)","author":"Korn D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Korn, D. 2006. Ammonoideen. In: Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission (Hrsg.) (ed.) Stratigraphie von Deutschland VI. Unterkarbon (Mississippium). Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften, Heft, Hannover, 41, 147\u2013170."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.139.4.0479"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1930.086.01-04.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.264.7.507"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1899.055.01-04.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"The Bowland Shales from Pendle to Dinckley","volume":"1","author":"Moore E.W.J.","year":"1936","unstructured":"Moore, E.W.J. 1936. The Bowland Shales from Pendle to Dinckley. Journal of the Manchester Geological Association, 1, 167\u2013192.","journal-title":"Journal of the Manchester Geological Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"The genus Sudeticeras and its distribution in Lancashire and Yorkshire","volume":"2","author":"Moore E.W.J.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Moore, E.W.J. 1950. The genus Sudeticeras and its distribution in Lancashire and Yorkshire. Journal of the Manchester Geological Association, 2, 31\u201350.","journal-title":"Journal of the Manchester Geological Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1953.109.01-04.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/jgs2017-036"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_1","article-title":"Speciation of trace elements in the Bowland Shale","volume":"534","author":"Parnell J.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parnell, J., Nwoko, K., Feldmann, J. and Armstrong, J. 2022. Speciation of trace elements in the Bowland Shale. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 534, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/SP534-2020-195","journal-title":"Geological Society, London, Special Publication"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/pygs.48.1.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_1","volume-title":"Biennial Meeting of the Subcommission of Carboniferous Stratigraphy","author":"Ramsbottom W.H.C.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ramsbottom, W.H.C. 1981. Fieldguide to the boundary stratotypes of the Carboniferous stages in Britain. Biennial Meeting of the Subcommission of Carboniferous Stratigraphy, Leeds."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Geological Excursions in the Sheffield Region and the Peak District National Park","author":"Ramsbottom W.H.C.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ramsbottom, W.H.C., Stevenson, I.P. and Gaunt, G.D. 1967. Fossiliferous localities in the Namurian rocks of Edale. In: Neves, R. and Downie, C. (eds) Geological Excursions in the Sheffield Region and the Peak District National Park. W. Hartley Seed, 75\u201380."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/pygs.48.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Stonehead Beck a British proposal for the Mid-Carboniferous boundary stratotype","volume":"98","author":"Riley N.J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Riley, N.J., Varker, W.J., Owens, B.O., Higgins, A.C. and Ramsbottom, W.H.C. 1987. Stonehead Beck a British proposal for the Mid-Carboniferous boundary stratotype. Courier Forsunginstitut Senckenberg, 98, 159\u2013177.","journal-title":"Courier Forsunginstitut Senckenberg"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Geochronometry and geochemistry of the European mid-Carboniferous boundary global stratotype proposal, Stonehead Beck, North Yorkshire, UK","volume":"116","author":"Riley N.J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Riley, N.J., Claou\u00e9-Long, J.C., Higgins, A.C., Owens, B., Spears, A., Taylor, L. and Varker, W.J. 1993. Geochronometry and geochemistry of the European mid-Carboniferous boundary global stratotype proposal, Stonehead Beck, North Yorkshire, UK. Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de Belgique, 116, 275\u2013289.","journal-title":"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de Belgique"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gto.12044"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_1","volume-title":"The Geology of the Country Around Chapel-en-le-Frith","author":"Stevenson I.P.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Stevenson, I.P. and Gaunt, G.D. 1971. The Geology of the Country Around Chapel-en-le-Frith. Geological Survey of Great Britain, England & Wales, Memoirs Sheet 99 (E&W)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Multielement conodont faunas from the proposed Mid-Carboniferous Boundary Stratotype locality at Stonehead Beck, North Yorkshire, England","volume":"116","author":"Varker W.J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Varker, W.J. 1993. Multielement conodont faunas from the proposed Mid-Carboniferous Boundary Stratotype locality at Stonehead Beck, North Yorkshire, England. Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de Belgique, 116, 301\u2013321.","journal-title":"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de Belgique"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Integrated biostratigraphy for the proposed Mid-Carboniferous Boundary Stratotype, Stonehead Beck Cowling, N. Yorkshire","volume":"130","author":"Varker W.J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Varker, W.J., Owens, B.O. and Riley, N.J. 1991. Integrated biostratigraphy for the proposed Mid-Carboniferous Boundary Stratotype, Stonehead Beck Cowling, N. Yorkshire. Courier Forsunginstitut Senckenberg, 130, 221\u2013236.","journal-title":"Courier Forsunginstitut Senckenberg"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/SR26.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_1","unstructured":"Waters C.N. Waters R.A. Barclay W.J. and Davies J.R. 2009. Lithostratigraphical Framework for Carboniferous Successions of Southern Great Britain (Onshore). British Geological Survey Research Report RR\/09\/01."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/SR26"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/pygs2016-374"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/petgeo2018-039"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/pygs2021-002"}],"container-title":["Geological Society, London, Special Publications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1144\/SP534-2021-174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T17:07:54Z","timestamp":1732036074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.lyellcollection.org\/doi\/10.1144\/SP534-2021-174"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/UrlRedirectHandler.ashx?routename=books&chapterdoi=10.1144\/SP534-2021-174&request=chapter","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1144\/SP534-2021-174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/sp534-2021-174","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-8719","2041-4927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-8719","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-4927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-19","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}