{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:44:24Z","timestamp":1750308264906,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Referring expressions in multimodal dialogues have different aspects compared to those in language-only dialogues. They often refer to the items signified by either a gesture or visual means. In this article we classify referring expressions into two types (i.e., a deictic reference and an anaphoric reference), and propose two general methods to resolve these referring expressions. One method is a simple mapping algorithm that can find items referred with\/without pointing gestures on a screen. The other is the centering algorithm with a dual cache model, to which Walker's centering algorithm is extended for a multimodal dialogue system. The extended algorithm is appropriate for resolving various anaphoric references in a multimodal dialogue. In the experiments, the proposed system correctly resolved 376 out of 405 referring expressions in 40 dialogues (0.54 referring expressions per utterance) showing 92.84 percent correctness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1007551.1007553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,20]],"date-time":"2004-07-20T16:39:33Z","timestamp":1090341573000},"page":"324-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Resolution of referring expressions in a Korean multimodal dialogue system"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Harksoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diquest Research Center"}]},{"given":"Jungyun","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sogang University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/965105.807503"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th ACL Conference. 155-162","author":"Brennan S.","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the ACL Conference. 44-50","author":"Joshi A. 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