{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T02:13:12Z","timestamp":1774059192564,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comput. Entertain."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advances in computer graphics, particularly in real-time rendering, have resulted in major improvements in 3D graphics and rendering techniques in interactive entertainment. In this article we focus on the scene-lighting process, which we define as configuring the number of lights in a scene, their properties (e.g., range and attenuation), positions, angles, and colors. Lighting design is well known among designers, directors, and visual artists for its vital role in influencing viewers' perception by evoking moods, directing their gaze to important areas (i.e., providing visual focus), and conveying visual tension. It is, however, difficult to set positions, angles, or colors for lights within interactive scenes to accommodate these goals because an interactive scene's spatial and dramatic configuration, including mood, dramatic intensity, and the relative importance of different characters, change unpredictably in real-time. There are several techniques developed by the game industry that establish spectacular real-time lighting effects within 3D interactive environments. These techniques are often time- and labor-intensive. In addition, they are not easily used to dynamically mold the visual design to convey communicative, dramatic, and aesthetic functions as addressed in creative disciplines such as art, film, and theatre. In this article we present a new real-time lighting design model based on cinematic and theatric lighting design theory. The proposed model is designed to automatically, and in real-time, adjust lighting in an interactive scene to accommodate the dramatic, aesthetic, and communicative functions described by traditional lighting design theories, while taking artistic constraints on style, visual continuity, and aesthetic function into account.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1008213.1008238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T08:40:07Z","timestamp":1122972007000},"page":"15-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Automating Lighting Design for Interactive Entertainment"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Magy Seif","family":"El-Nasr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Horswill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ALTON J. 1995. Painting with Light. University of California Press Berkeley CA.  ALTON J. 1995. Painting with Light . University of California Press Berkeley CA.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520355934"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"BIRN J. ED. 2000. Digital Lighting & Rendering. New Riders Indianapolis IN.   BIRN J. ED. 2000. Digital Lighting & Rendering . New Riders Indianapolis IN."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"BLOCK B. 2001. The Visual Story: Seeing the Structure of Film TV and New Media. Focal Press New York.  BLOCK B. 2001. The Visual Story: Seeing the Structure of Film TV and New Media . Focal Press New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"CALAHAN S. 1996. Storytelling through lighting: A computer graphics perspective. SIGGRAPH Course Notes. ACM New York.  CALAHAN S. 1996. Storytelling through lighting: A computer graphics perspective. SIGGRAPH Course Notes . ACM New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"CAMPBELL D. 1999. Technical Theatre for Non-Technical People. Allworth Press.  CAMPBELL D. 1999. Technical Theatre for Non-Technical People . Allworth Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"CARSON D. 2000. Environmental storytelling: Creating immersive 3D worlds using lessons learned from the theme park industry. Gamasutra.  CARSON D. 2000. Environmental storytelling: Creating immersive 3D worlds using lessons learned from the theme park industry. Gamasutra ."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Film Noir: Reflections in a Dark Mirror.","author":"CROWTHER B.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Filmmaking: Narrative & Structural Techniques","author":"FOSS B.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"GILLETTE J. M. 1998. Designing with Light. Mayfield Mountain View CA.  GILLETTE J. M. 1998. Designing with Light . Mayfield Mountain View CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/248210.248212"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"HOLLINGWORTH H. 2004. Global transsaccadic change blindness during scene perception. Psychological Sc. (In press).  HOLLINGWORTH H. 2004. Global transsaccadic change blindness during scene perception. Psychological Sc. (In press)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"KATRA E. and Wooten W. 1995. (unpublished). Perceived lightness\/darkness and warmth\/coolness in chromatic experience.  KATRA E. and Wooten W. 1995. (unpublished). Perceived lightness\/darkness and warmth\/coolness in chromatic experience."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"Vermeer: Master of light video. J. J. Krakora, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.","author":"KIDD W.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"KNOPF D. C. 1979. The Book of Movie Photography. Alfred Knopf London UK.  KNOPF D. C. 1979. The Book of Movie Photography . Alfred Knopf London UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"LOWELL R. 1992. Matters of light and depth. Lowel-light Manufacturing Inc. New York.  LOWELL R. 1992. Matters of light and depth. Lowel-light Manufacturing Inc. New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"GDC 2002: Realistic level design for Max Payne. Gamasutra.","author":"MAATTAA A.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MILLERSON G. 1991. The Technique of Lighting for Television and Film. Focus Press Oxford UK.  MILLERSON G. 1991. The Technique of Lighting for Television and Film . Focus Press Oxford UK.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780080510231"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","unstructured":"MOLLER T. AND HAINES E. 1999. Real-Time Rendering. A K Peters Ltd.   MOLLER T. AND HAINES E. 1999. Real-Time Rendering . A K Peters Ltd."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Film Art: An Introduction","author":"THOMPSON D. B.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Tomlinson W. M. (1999). Interactivity and Emotion through Cinematography. Masters thesis MIT MIT Media Lab.  Tomlinson W. M. (1999). Interactivity and Emotion through Cinematography. Masters thesis MIT MIT Media Lab."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566570.566613"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"VIERA D. 1993. Lighting for Film and Electronic Cinematography. Wadsworth Publishing.  VIERA D. 1993. Lighting for Film and Electronic Cinematography . Wadsworth Publishing."}],"container-title":["Computers in Entertainment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1008213.1008238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1008213.1008238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:25:06Z","timestamp":1750263906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1008213.1008238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1008213.1008238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1008213.1008238","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-3574","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}