{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:43:56Z","timestamp":1750308236891,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In this article we present a scalable model of a network of Active Queue Management (AQM) routers serving a large population of Transport Control Protocol (TCP) flows. We present efficient solution techniques that allow one to obtain the transient behavior of the average queue lengths and packet loss\/mark probabilities of AQM routers, and average end-to-end throughput and latencies of TCP users. We model different versions of TCP as well as different implementations of RED Random Early Detection (RED), the most popular AQM scheme currently in use. Comparisons between the models and\n            <jats:italic>ns<\/jats:italic>\n            simulation show our models to be quite accurate while at the same time requiring substantially less time to solve than packet level simulations, especially when workloads and bandwidths are high.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1010621.1010625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,20]],"date-time":"2004-07-20T16:39:33Z","timestamp":1090341573000},"page":"305-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Scalable fluid models and simulations for large-scale IP networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco L.","family":"Presti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universita' dell'Aquila, Coppito (AQ), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald F.","family":"Towsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '00","author":"Altman E.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Altman , E. , Avrachenkov , K. , and Barakat , C . 2000. A stochastic model of TCP\/IP with stationary random losses . In Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '00 . 10.1145\/347059.347549 Altman, E., Avrachenkov, K., and Barakat, C. 2000. A stochastic model of TCP\/IP with stationary random losses. In Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '00. 10.1145\/347059.347549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.923940"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IFIP WG 7.3 Performance.","author":"Baccelli F.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Baccelli , F. , McDonald , D. , and Reynier , J . 2002. A mean-field model for multiple TCP connections through a buffer . In Proceedings of IFIP WG 7.3 Performance. Baccelli, F., McDonald, D., and Reynier, J. 2002. A mean-field model for multiple TCP connections through a buffer. In Proceedings of IFIP WG 7.3 Performance."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM\/Sigmetrics. 10","author":"Bu T.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Bu , T. and Towsley , D . 2001. Fixed point approximation for TCP behavior in an AQM network . In Proceedings of ACM\/Sigmetrics. 10 .1145\/378420.378786 Bu, T. and Towsley, D. 2001. Fixed point approximation for TCP behavior in an AQM network. In Proceedings of ACM\/Sigmetrics. 10.1145\/378420.378786"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Daniel J. W. and Moore R. E. 1970. Computation and Theory in Ordinary Differential Equations. W. H. Freeman San Francisco CA.  Daniel J. W. and Moore R. E. 1970. Computation and Theory in Ordinary Differential Equations. W. H. Freeman San Francisco CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/235160.235162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/90.251892"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE\/INFOCOM.","author":"Hollot C.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Hollot , C. , Liu , Y. , Misra , V. , and Towsley , D . 2003. Unresponsive flows and AQM performance . In Proceedings of IEEE\/INFOCOM. Hollot, C., Liu, Y., Misra, V., and Towsley, D. 2003. Unresponsive flows and AQM performance. In Proceedings of IEEE\/INFOCOM."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE\/INFOCOM.","author":"Hollot C.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Hollot , C. , Misra , V. , Towsley , D. , and Gong , W . 2001. On designing improved controllers for AQM routers supporting TCP flows . In Proceedings of IEEE\/INFOCOM. Hollot, C., Misra, V., Towsley, D., and Gong, W. 2001. On designing improved controllers for AQM routers supporting TCP flows. In Proceedings of IEEE\/INFOCOM."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '2001","author":"Kunniyur S.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Kunniyur , S. and Srikant , R . 2001. Analysis and design of an adaptive virtual queue algorithm for active queue management . In Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '2001 . 10.1145\/383059.383069 Kunniyur, S. and Srikant, R. 2001. Analysis and design of an adaptive virtual queue algorithm for active queue management. In Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '2001. 10.1145\/383059.383069"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM. 10","author":"Misra V.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Misra , V. , Gong , W.-B. , and Towsley , D . 2000. Fluid-based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED . In Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM. 10 .1145\/347059.347421 Misra, V., Gong, W.-B., and Towsley, D. 2000. Fluid-based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED. In Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM. 10.1145\/347059.347421"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '1998","author":"Padhye J.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Padhye , J. , Firoiu , V. , Towsley , D. , and Kurose , J . 1998. Modeling TCP throughput: A simple model and its empirical validation . In Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '1998 . 10.1145\/285237.285291 Padhye, J., Firoiu, V., Towsley, D., and Kurose, J. 1998. Modeling TCP throughput: A simple model and its empirical validation. In Proceedings of ACM\/SIGCOMM '1998. 10.1145\/285237.285291"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/774763.774768"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Infocom.","author":"Tinnakornsrisuphap P.","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Tinnakornsrisuphap , P. and Makowski , A . 2003. Limit behavior of ECN\/RED gateways under a large number of TCP flows . In Proceedings of IEEE Infocom. Tinnakornsrisuphap, P. and Makowski, A. 2003. Limit behavior of ECN\/RED gateways under a large number of TCP flows. In Proceedings of IEEE Infocom."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1010621.1010625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1010621.1010625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:31:49Z","timestamp":1750264309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1010621.1010625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1010621.1010625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1010621.1010625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-3301","1558-1195"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1049-3301"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-1195"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}