{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:54:50Z","timestamp":1750308890917,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,4,1]],"date-time":"1984-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":449625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is commonly thought that 10 years is needed for technology to pass from its initial conception into wide-spread use. In the process of gathering data to argue the need for a technology improvement program, we investigated the technology maturation process for three environments supporting software development. Our hypothesis was that more than 10 years was needed; our guess was that the period would be more on the order of 15 years; and we found that it takes on the order of 18 years for systems such as these to nature. Technology maturation time lines for the three systems are presented and some comments are provided on what facilitates and inhibits software technology maturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1010925.1010927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,21]],"date-time":"2004-07-21T23:30:10Z","timestamp":1090452610000},"page":"21-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The magic number eighteen plus or minus three"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Riddle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Software design &amp; analysis, inc., Boulder, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"C. G. Davis and C. R. Vick. Ten Years of Software Engineering. BMD Advanced Technology Center Huntsville Alabama. 1979.  C. G. Davis and C. R. Vick. Ten Years of Software Engineering. BMD Advanced Technology Center Huntsville Alabama. 1979."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CMPSAC.1978.810410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"866","volume-title":"Proc. Compsac80","author":"Alford M. W.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Distributed Computing Design System Quarterly Review. TRW Huntsville Alabama. October 1982.  Distributed Computing Design System Quarterly Review. TRW Huntsville Alabama. October 1982."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/800054.801967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. W. Alford. Private communication. 27 January 1984.  M. W. Alford. Private communication. 27 January 1984.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0084255900049330"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361011.361061"},{"volume-title":"North-Holland Pub. Co.","year":"1981","author":"Mitze R. W.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"volume-title":"Words of Advice. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.","year":"1983","author":"Krasner G.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"volume-title":"G. Krasner. Smalltalk-80: Bits of History, Words of Advice","year":"1983","author":"Goldberg A.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"volume-title":"G. Krasner. Smalltalk-80: Bits of History, Words of Advice","year":"1983","author":"Ingalls D. H. H.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1010925.1010927","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1010925.1010927","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T21:25:41Z","timestamp":1750281941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1010925.1010927"}},"subtitle":["a study of software technology maturation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1010925.1010927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1010925.1010927","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5948"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5948"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1984-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}