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Neither of these tasks can be performed reliably in practice; consequently, colorization requires considerable user intervention and remains a tedious, time-consuming, and expensive task.In this paper we present a simple colorization method that requires neither precise image segmentation, nor accurate region tracking. Our method is based on a simple premise; neighboring pixels in space-time that have similar intensities should have similar colors. We formalize this premise using a quadratic cost function and obtain an optimization problem that can be solved efficiently using standard techniques. In our approach an artist only needs to annotate the image with a few color scribbles, and the indicated colors are automatically propagated in both space and time to produce a fully colorized image or sequence. We demonstrate that high quality colorizations of stills and movie clips may be obtained from a relatively modest amount of user input.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T17:38:56Z","timestamp":1097170736000},"page":"689-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":960,"title":["Colorization using optimization"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anat","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem"}]},{"given":"Dani","family":"Lischinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Museum of Broadcast Communications: Encyclopedia of Television","author":"BURNS G.","unstructured":"BURNS, G. 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