{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:31:14Z","timestamp":1759336274652,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We focus on the issue of robustness of conversational interfaces that are flexible enough to allow natural \"multithreaded\" conversational flow. Our main advance is to use context-sensitive speech recognition in a general way, with a representation of dialogue context that is rich and flexible enough to support conversation about multiple interleaved topics, as well as the interpretation of corrective fragments. We explain, by use of worked examples, the use of our \"Conversational Intelligence Architecture\" (CIA) to represent conversational threads, and how each thread can be associated with a language model (LM) for more robust speech recognition. The CIA uses fine-grained dynamic representations of dialogue context, which supersede those used in finite-state or form-based dialogue managers. In an evaluation of a dialogue system built using this architecture we found that 87.9% of recognized utterances were recognized using a context-specific language model, resulting in an 11.5% reduction in the overall utterance recognition error rate, and a 13.4% reduction in concept error rate. Thus we show that by using context-sensitive recognition based on the predicted type of the user's next dialogue move, a more flexible dialogue system can also exhibit an improvement in speech recognition performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1017494.1017496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T17:38:56Z","timestamp":1097170736000},"page":"241-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["multithreaded context for robust conversational interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Oliver","family":"Lemon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gruenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Toward conversational human-computer interaction","volume":"22","author":"Allen J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Allen , J. , Byron , D. , Dzikovska , M. , Ferguson , G. , Galescu , L. , and Stent , A. 2001 . Toward conversational human-computer interaction . AI Magazine 22 , 4, 27 -- 37 . Allen, J., Byron, D., Dzikovska, M., Ferguson, G., Galescu, L., and Stent, A. 2001. Toward conversational human-computer interaction. AI Magazine 22, 4, 27--37.","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings ICSLP '96","volume":"2","author":"Boros M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boros , M. , Eckert , W. , Gallwitz , F. , G\u00f6rz , G. , Hanrieder , G. , and Niemann , H . 1996. Towards understanding spontaneous speech: Word accuracy vs. concept accuracy . In Proceedings ICSLP '96 , vol. 2 (Philadelphia, PA, 1996 ). 1009--1012. Boros, M., Eckert, W., Gallwitz, F., G\u00f6rz, G., Hanrieder, G., and Niemann, H. 1996. Towards understanding spontaneous speech: Word accuracy vs. concept accuracy. In Proceedings ICSLP '96, vol. 2 (Philadelphia, PA, 1996). 1009--1012."},{"volume-title":"4th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue. Sapporo.","author":"Bos J.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Bos , J. , Klein , E. , Lemon , O. , and Oka , T . 2003. DIPPER: Description and Formalisation of an Information-State Update Dialogue System Architecture . In 4th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue. Sapporo. Bos, J., Klein, E., Lemon, O., and Oka, T. 2003. DIPPER: Description and Formalisation of an Information-State Update Dialogue System Architecture. In 4th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue. Sapporo."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Dialogue Games: An Approach to Discourse Analysis. D. Reidel.","author":"Carlson L.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Carlson , L. 1983 . Dialogue Games: An Approach to Discourse Analysis. D. Reidel. Carlson, L. 1983. Dialogue Games: An Approach to Discourse Analysis. D. Reidel."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EuroSpeech 2001). 1829","author":"Chotimongkol A.","year":"1832","unstructured":"Chotimongkol , A. and Rudnicky , A. I . 2001. N-best speech hypotheses reordering using linear regression . In Proceedings of European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EuroSpeech 2001). 1829 -- 1832 . Chotimongkol, A. and Rudnicky, A. I. 2001. N-best speech hypotheses reordering using linear regression. In Proceedings of European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (EuroSpeech 2001). 1829--1832."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGdial 2001","author":"Clark B.","year":"1807","unstructured":"Clark , B. , Fry , J. , Ginzton , M. , Peters , S. , Pon-Barry , H. , and Thomsen-Gray , Z . 2001. Automated tutoring dialogues for training in shipboard damage control . In Proceedings of SIGdial 2001 . 10.3115\/11 1807 8.1118087 Clark, B., Fry, J., Ginzton, M., Peters, S., Pon-Barry, H., and Thomsen-Gray, Z. 2001. Automated tutoring dialogues for training in shipboard damage control. In Proceedings of SIGdial 2001. 10.3115\/1118078.1118087"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark B. Lemon O. Gruenstein A. Bratt E. O. Fry J. Peters S. Pon-Barry H. Schultz K. Thomsen-Gray Z. and Treeratpituk P. 2004. A general purpose architecture for intelligent tutoring systems. In Natural Intelligent and Effective Interaction in Multimodal Dialogue Systems J. van Kuppevelt L. Dybkjaer and N. O. Bernsen Eds. Kluwer 107--123.  Clark B. Lemon O. Gruenstein A. Bratt E. O. Fry J. Peters S. Pon-Barry H. Schultz K. Thomsen-Gray Z. and Treeratpituk P. 2004. A general purpose architecture for intelligent tutoring systems. In Natural Intelligent and Effective Interaction in Multimodal Dialogue Systems J. van Kuppevelt L. Dybkjaer and N. O. Bernsen Eds. Kluwer 107--123.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3933-6_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI","author":"Doherty P.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Doherty , P. , Granlund , G. , Kuchcinski , K. , Sandewall , E. , Nordberg , K. , Skarman , E. , and Wiklund , J . 2000. The WITAS unmanned aerial vehicle project . In European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2000 ). Doherty, P., Granlund, G., Kuchcinski, K., Sandewall, E., Nordberg, K., Skarman, E., and Wiklund, J. 2000. The WITAS unmanned aerial vehicle project. In European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2000)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the ACL. 10","author":"Dowding J.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Dowding , J. , Gawron , J. M. , Appelt , D. , Bear , J. , Cherny , L. , Moore , R. , and Moran , D . 1993. GEMINI: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding . In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the ACL. 10 .3115\/981574.981582 Dowding, J., Gawron, J. M., Appelt, D., Bear, J., Cherny, L., Moore, R., and Moran, D. 1993. GEMINI: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the ACL. 10.3115\/981574.981582"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Association for Compuational Linguistics. 10","author":"Dowding J.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Dowding , J. , Hockey , B. , Gawron , M. J. , and Culy , C . 2001. Practical issues in compiling typed unification grammars for speech recognition . In Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Association for Compuational Linguistics. 10 .3115\/1073012.1073034 Dowding, J., Hockey, B., Gawron, M. J., and Culy, C. 2001. Practical issues in compiling typed unification grammars for speech recognition. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Association for Compuational Linguistics. 10.3115\/1073012.1073034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Non-sentential utterances: A corpus study","volume":"43","author":"Fernandez R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fernandez , R. and Ginzburg , J. 2002 . Non-sentential utterances: A corpus study . Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL) 43 , 2, 13 -- 42 . Special Issue on Dialogue. Fernandez, R. and Ginzburg, J. 2002. Non-sentential utterances: A corpus study. Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL) 43, 2, 13--42. Special Issue on Dialogue.","journal-title":"Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of ACL-04","author":"Gabsdil M.","year":"1895","unstructured":"Gabsdil , M. and Lemon , O . 2004. Combining acoustic and pragmatic features to predict recognition performance in spoken dialogue systems . In Proceedings of ACL-04 . 10.3115\/12 1895 5.1218999 Gabsdil, M. and Lemon, O. 2004. Combining acoustic and pragmatic features to predict recognition performance in spoken dialogue systems. In Proceedings of ACL-04. 10.3115\/1218955.1218999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Ginzburg J. Sag I. A. and Purver M. 2001. Integrating Conversational Move Types in the Grammar of Conversation. In Bi-Dialog 2001---Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (2001). 45--56.  Ginzburg J. Sag I. A. and Purver M. 2001. Integrating Conversational Move Types in the Grammar of Conversation. In Bi-Dialog 2001---Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (2001). 45--56."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Attentions, intentions, and the structure of discourse","volume":"12","author":"Grosz B.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Grosz , B. and Sidner , C. 1986 . Attentions, intentions, and the structure of discourse . Computational Linguistics 12 , 3, 175 -- 204 . Grosz, B. and Sidner, C. 1986. Attentions, intentions, and the structure of discourse. Computational Linguistics 12, 3, 175--204.","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Gruenstein A. H. 2002. Conversational interfaces: A domain-independent architecture for task-oriented dialogues. Master's thesis Stanford. Tech. rep.  Gruenstein A. H. 2002. Conversational interfaces: A domain-independent architecture for task-oriented dialogues. Master's thesis Stanford. Tech. rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"CA.","author":"Guzzoni D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guzzoni , D. , Cheyer , A. , Julia , L. , and Konolige , K . 1996. Many robots make short work. In AAAI Robotics Contest (Menlo Park , CA. , 1996 ). SRI International, AAAI Press. Guzzoni, D., Cheyer, A., Julia, L., and Konolige, K. 1996. Many robots make short work. In AAAI Robotics Contest (Menlo Park, CA., 1996). SRI International, AAAI Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of European Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL 03)","author":"Hockey B.-A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hockey , B.-A. , Lemon , O. , Campana , E. , Hiatt , L. , Aist , G. , Hieronymus , J. , Gruenstein , A. , and Dowding , J . 2003. Targeted help for spoken dialogue systems: intelligent feedback improves naive users' performance . In Proceedings of European Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL 03) ( 2003 ). 147--154. 10.3115\/1067807.1067828 Hockey, B.-A., Lemon, O., Campana, E., Hiatt, L., Aist, G., Hieronymus, J., Gruenstein, A., and Dowding, J. 2003. Targeted help for spoken dialogue systems: intelligent feedback improves naive users' performance. In Proceedings of European Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL 03) (2003). 147--154. 10.3115\/1067807.1067828"},{"volume-title":"The Production of Language in Dialogue: A Computational Model. Ph. D. thesis","author":"Houghton G.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Houghton , G. 1986. The Production of Language in Dialogue: A Computational Model. Ph. D. thesis , University of Sussex. Houghton, G. 1986. The Production of Language in Dialogue: A Computational Model. Ph. D. thesis, University of Sussex."},{"volume-title":"Issue-based Dialogue Management. Ph. D. thesis","author":"Larsson S.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Larsson , S. 2002. Issue-based Dialogue Management. Ph. D. thesis , G\u00f6teborg University . Larsson, S. 2002. Issue-based Dialogue Management. Ph. D. thesis, G\u00f6teborg University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Larsson S. Bohlin P. Bos J. and Traum D. 2000. TRINDIKIT 1.0 Manual. Technical report University of Gothenburg.  Larsson S. Bohlin P. Bos J. and Traum D. 2000. TRINDIKIT 1.0 Manual. Technical report University of Gothenburg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"5th Workshop on Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (Bi-Dialog","author":"Lemon O.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lemon , O. , Bracy , A. , Gruenstein , A. , and Peters , S . 2001. Information states in a multi-modal dialogue system for human-robot conversation . In 5th Workshop on Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (Bi-Dialog 2001 ), P. K\u00fchnlein, H. Reiser, and H. Zeevat, Eds. 57--67. Lemon, O., Bracy, A., Gruenstein, A., and Peters, S. 2001. Information states in a multi-modal dialogue system for human-robot conversation. In 5th Workshop on Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (Bi-Dialog 2001), P. K\u00fchnlein, H. Reiser, and H. Zeevat, Eds. 57--67."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemon O. Bracy A. Gruenstein A. and Peters S. 2003a. An information state approach in a multi-modal dialogue system for human-robot conversation. In Perspectives on Dialogue in the New Millennium P. K\u00fchnlein H. Rieser and H. Zeevat Eds. Number 114 in Pragmatics and Beyond new series John Benjamins Publishers 229--242.  Lemon O. Bracy A. Gruenstein A. and Peters S. 2003a. An information state approach in a multi-modal dialogue system for human-robot conversation. In Perspectives on Dialogue in the New Millennium P. K\u00fchnlein H. Rieser and H. Zeevat Eds. Number 114 in Pragmatics and Beyond new series John Benjamins Publishers 229--242.","DOI":"10.1075\/pbns.114.14lem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"4th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue (Sapporo","author":"Lemon O.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lemon , O. , Cavedon , L. , and Kelly , B . 2003b. Managing dialogue interaction: A multi-layered approach . In 4th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue (Sapporo , 2003 ). 168--177. Lemon, O., Cavedon, L., and Kelly, B. 2003b. Managing dialogue interaction: A multi-layered approach. In 4th SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue (Sapporo, 2003). 168--177."},{"volume-title":"AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialogue, Tech. Rep. SS-03-07","author":"Lemon O.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Lemon , O. , Gruenstein , A. , Gullett , R. , Battle , A. , Hiatt , L. , and Peters , S . 2003c. Generation of collaborative spoken dialogue contributions in dynamic task environments . In AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialogue, Tech. Rep. SS-03-07 . AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA. Lemon, O., Gruenstein, A., Gullett, R., Battle, A., Hiatt, L., and Peters, S. 2003c. Generation of collaborative spoken dialogue contributions in dynamic task environments. In AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialogue, Tech. Rep. SS-03-07. AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Collaborative activities and multi-tasking in dialogue systems","volume":"43","author":"Lemon O.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lemon , O. , Gruenstein , A. , and Peters , S. 2002 . Collaborative activities and multi-tasking in dialogue systems . Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL) 43 , 2, 131 -- 154 . Special Issue on Dialogue. Lemon, O., Gruenstein, A., and Peters, S. 2002. Collaborative activities and multi-tasking in dialogue systems. Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL) 43, 2, 131--154. Special Issue on Dialogue.","journal-title":"Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on User Modeling","author":"Lesh N.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lesh , N. , Rich , C. , and Sidner , C . 1999. Using plan recognition in human-computer collaboration . In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on User Modeling ( 1999 ). 23--32. Lesh, N., Rich, C., and Sidner, C. 1999. Using plan recognition in human-computer collaboration. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on User Modeling (1999). 23--32."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Speech and Language Processing (ICSLP 98)","author":"Levin L.","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Levin , L. , Thyme-Gobb\u00e9l , A. , Lavie , A. , Ries , K. , and Zechner , K . 1998. A discourse coding scheme for conversational spanish . In Proceedings of International Conference on Speech and Language Processing (ICSLP 98) . Levin, L., Thyme-Gobb\u00e9l, A., Lavie, A., Ries, K., and Zechner, K. 1998. A discourse coding scheme for conversational spanish. In Proceedings of International Conference on Speech and Language Processing (ICSLP 98)."},{"volume-title":"Using Collaborative Plans to Model the Intentional Structure of Discourse. Ph. D. thesis","author":"Lochbaum K. E.","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Lochbaum , K. E. 1994. Using Collaborative Plans to Model the Intentional Structure of Discourse. Ph. D. thesis , Harvard University . Lochbaum, K. E. 1994. Using Collaborative Plans to Model the Intentional Structure of Discourse. Ph. D. thesis, Harvard University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/088395199117504","article-title":"The Open Agent Architecture: a framework for building distributed software systems","volume":"13","author":"Martin D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Martin , D. , Cheyer , A. , and Moran , D. 1999 . The Open Agent Architecture: a framework for building distributed software systems . Applied Artificial Intelligence: An International Journal 13 , 1 -- 2 . Martin, D., Cheyer, A., and Moran, D. 1999. The Open Agent Architecture: a framework for building distributed software systems. Applied Artificial Intelligence: An International Journal 13, 1--2.","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence: An International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing.","author":"McTear M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"McTear , M. 1998 . Modelling spoken dialogues with state transition diagrams: Experiences with the CSLU toolkit . In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing. McTear, M. 1998. Modelling spoken dialogues with state transition diagrams: Experiences with the CSLU toolkit. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.nuance.com\/prodserv\/prodvocalizer.html. As of","author":"Nuance","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nuance . 2003. http:\/\/www.nuance.com\/prodserv\/prodvocalizer.html. As of 21 January 2003 . Nuance. 2003. http:\/\/www.nuance.com\/prodserv\/prodvocalizer.html. As of 21 January 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1515\/ling.1979.17.1-2.107","article-title":"The organization of purposeful dialogues","volume":"17","author":"Power R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Power , R. 1979 . The organization of purposeful dialogues . Linguistics 17 , 107 -- 152 . Power, R. 1979. The organization of purposeful dialogues. Linguistics 17, 107--152.","journal-title":"Linguistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of EuroSpeech","author":"Rayner M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rayner , M. , Dowding , J. , and Hockey , B . 2001a. A baseline method for compiling typed unification grammars into context free language models . In Proceedings of EuroSpeech 2001 . Rayner, M., Dowding, J., and Hockey, B. 2001a. A baseline method for compiling typed unification grammars into context free language models. In Proceedings of EuroSpeech 2001."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP). 10","author":"Rayner M.","key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Rayner , M. , Hockey , B. A. , and James , F . 2000. A compact architecture for dialogue management based on scripts and meta-outputs . In Proceedings of Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP). 10 .3115\/974147.974163 Rayner, M., Hockey, B. A., and James, F. 2000. A compact architecture for dialogue management based on scripts and meta-outputs. In Proceedings of Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP). 10.3115\/974147.974163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGdial 2001","author":"Rayner M.","year":"1807","unstructured":"Rayner , M. , Lewin , I. , Gorrell , G. , and Boye , J . 2001b. Plug and play spoken language understanding . In Proceedings of SIGdial 2001 . 10.3115\/11 1807 8.1118095 Rayner, M., Lewin, I., Gorrell, G., and Boye, J. 2001b. Plug and play spoken language understanding. In Proceedings of SIGdial 2001. 10.3115\/1118078.1118095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Collagen: applying collaborative discourse theory to human-computer interaction","volume":"22","author":"Rich C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rich , C. , Sidner , C. , and Lesh , N. 2001 . Collagen: applying collaborative discourse theory to human-computer interaction . AI Magazine 22 , 4, 15 -- 25 . Rich, C., Sidner, C., and Lesh, N. 2001. Collagen: applying collaborative discourse theory to human-computer interaction. AI Magazine 22, 4, 15--25.","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 10","author":"Ros\u00e9 C. P.","key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Ros\u00e9 , C. P. , Eugenio , B. D. , Levin , L. S. , and Ess-Dykema , C. V . 1995. Discourse processing of dialogues with multiple threads . In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 10 .3115\/981658.981663 Ros\u00e9, C. P., Eugenio, B. D., Levin, L. S., and Ess-Dykema, C. V. 1995. Discourse processing of dialogues with multiple threads. In Proceedings of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 10.3115\/981658.981663"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandewall E. Doherty P. Lemon O. and \n      Peters S\n  . \n  2003\n  . Words at the right time: Real-time dialogues with the WITAS unmanned aerial vehicle. In Proceedings of KI'03: the 26th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence A. G\u00fcnter R. Kruse and B. Neumann Eds\n  . Lecture Notes in Artifical Intelligence\n   no. 2821. Springer-Verlag.  Sandewall E. Doherty P. Lemon O. and Peters S. 2003. Words at the right time: Real-time dialogues with the WITAS unmanned aerial vehicle. In Proceedings of KI'03: the 26th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence A. G\u00fcnter R. Kruse and B. Neumann Eds. Lecture Notes in Artifical Intelligence no. 2821. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39451-8_5"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop. Morgan Kaufmann. 10","author":"Seneff S.","key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Seneff , S. , Hirschman , L. , and Zue , V. W . 1991. Interactive problem solving and dialogue in the ATIS domain . In Proceedings of the Fourth DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop. Morgan Kaufmann. 10 .3115\/112405.112743 Seneff, S., Hirschman, L., and Zue, V. W. 1991. Interactive problem solving and dialogue in the ATIS domain. In Proceedings of the Fourth DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop. Morgan Kaufmann. 10.3115\/112405.112743"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ICSLP 98","author":"Seneff S.","key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Seneff , S. , Hurley , E. , Lau , R. , Pao , C. , Schmid , P. , and Zue , V . 1998. Galaxy-II: a reference architecture for conversational system development . In Proceedings of ICSLP 98 . Seneff, S., Hurley, E., Lau, R., Pao, C., Schmid, P., and Zue, V. 1998. Galaxy-II: a reference architecture for conversational system development. In Proceedings of ICSLP 98."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the ACL","author":"Stent A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stent , A. , Dowding , J. , Gawron , J. M. , Bratt , E. O. , and Moore , R . 1999. The CommandTalk spoken dialogue system . In Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the ACL ( University of Maryland, College Park, MD , 1999 ). Association for Computational Linguistics, 183--190. 10.3115\/1034678.1034713 Stent, A., Dowding, J., Gawron, J. M., Bratt, E. O., and Moore, R. 1999. The CommandTalk spoken dialogue system. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the ACL (University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 1999). Association for Computational Linguistics, 183--190. 10.3115\/1034678.1034713"},{"volume-title":"Third International Workshop on Speech Synthesis","author":"Taylor P.","key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Taylor , P. , Black , A. , and Caley , R . 1998. The architecture of the the Festival speech synthesis system . In Third International Workshop on Speech Synthesis , Sydney, Australia. Taylor, P., Black, A., and Caley, R. 1998. The architecture of the the Festival speech synthesis system. In Third International Workshop on Speech Synthesis, Sydney, Australia."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1017494.1017496","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1017494.1017496","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:24:59Z","timestamp":1750263899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1017494.1017496"}},"subtitle":["Context-sensitive speech recognition and interpretation of corrective fragments"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1017494.1017496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1017494.1017496","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1073-0516"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7325"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}