{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:43:18Z","timestamp":1750308198862,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":228,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1972,9,1]],"date-time":"1972-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":84153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMIS Database"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1017536.1017537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T13:46:42Z","timestamp":1097588802000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Computer security"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Browne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Farm Insurance Company"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","article-title":"How Vulnerable Is The Computer System?","author":"Newsletter","year":"1971","journal-title":"The Diebold Group Incorporated; ADP Newsletter"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Allen Brandt R. \"Computer Security \" Data Management (January and February 1972).  Allen Brandt R. \"Computer Security \" Data Management (January and February 1972)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","article-title":"Danger Ahead-Safeguard Your Computer","author":"Allen Brandt R","year":"1968","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Allen Brandt R. \"New Developments in Computer Security \" MDI Seminar Reference Manual (1971).  Allen Brandt R. \"New Developments in Computer Security \" MDI Seminar Reference Manual (1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Allen Brandt R. \"Computer Fraud \" Financial Executive (May 1971).  Allen Brandt R. \"Computer Fraud \" Financial Executive (May 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) \"Questionnaire For Evaluation Of Internal Control In Data Processing \" AICPA (1968). Outdated but a step in the right direction. AICPA is represented on the AFIPS System Improvement Committee which will publish a manual on computer security by the end of 1972.  American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) \"Questionnaire For Evaluation Of Internal Control In Data Processing \" AICPA (1968). Outdated but a step in the right direction. AICPA is represented on the AFIPS System Improvement Committee which will publish a manual on computer security by the end of 1972."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"6373","article-title":"Catastrophe Prevention: Management Of The Computer Complex","author":"American Management Association","year":"1970","journal-title":"AMA Briefing Session"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Amir M. \"Computer Embezzlement-Prevention & Control \" Computer Bulletin (November 1971).  Amir M. \"Computer Embezzlement-Prevention & Control \" Computer Bulletin (November 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"AMR International Incorporated \"Computer and Software Security \" Advanced Management Research New York (1971). This book edited by William F. Brown of the Avco Corporation contains the essential contents of the AMR Seminar on computer security. Physical security development of a computer security plan backup legal auditing insurance software and cryptographic techniques are all covered with varying levels of competency and detail. Included is a keyword in context bibliography covering citations up to mid-1971.  AMR International Incorporated \"Computer and Software Security \" Advanced Management Research New York (1971). This book edited by William F. Brown of the Avco Corporation contains the essential contents of the AMR Seminar on computer security. Physical security development of a computer security plan backup legal auditing insurance software and cryptographic techniques are all covered with varying levels of competency and detail. Included is a keyword in context bibliography covering citations up to mid-1971."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","article-title":"The Technology of Computer Destruction","author":"Anonymous","year":"1969","journal-title":"Seed Magazine (Underground) ("},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Astor Saul D. \"An Investigator Talks of Embezzlement and Robbery \" The Office (September 1971).  Astor Saul D. \"An Investigator Talks of Embezzlement and Robbery \" The Office (September 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"AVCO Computer Services \"Computer Security Bibliography \" AVCO Computer Services (1970-Revised January 1971). The most complete bibliography to date. Contains a number of Computerworld \"horror story\" articles.  AVCO Computer Services \"Computer Security Bibliography \" AVCO Computer Services (1970-Revised January 1971). The most complete bibliography to date. Contains a number of Computerworld \"horror story\" articles."},{"first-page":"301","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Spring Joint Computer Conference (1967)","author":"Babcock J. D.","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baran Paul \"On Distributed Communications: IX. Security Secrecy and Tamper-Free Considerations \" Rand RM3765.PR (August 1964). An unclassified discussion of cryptography; it anticipates the distributed data network exemplified by the ARPA net. It also anticipates the need for secure communications links.  Baran Paul \"On Distributed Communications: IX. Security Secrecy and Tamper-Free Considerations \" Rand RM3765.PR (August 1964). An unclassified discussion of cryptography; it anticipates the distributed data network exemplified by the ARPA net. It also anticipates the need for secure communications links.","DOI":"10.7249\/RM3765"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Barritt J. S. \"Fire Protection For Computer Rooms \" Insurance Accounting and Statistical Association (1970).  Barritt J. S. \"Fire Protection For Computer Rooms \" Insurance Accounting and Statistical Association (1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Security of Computer-Based Information Systems","author":"Bates William S","year":"1970","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/355602.361306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Berg Philip J. \"Data Center Disaster \" Presentation at GUIDE 30 (May 27 1970). A frank discussion of how Applied Data Research survived a plane falling into their computer room.  Berg Philip J. \"Data Center Disaster \" Presentation at GUIDE 30 (May 27 1970). A frank discussion of how Applied Data Research survived a plane falling into their computer room."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","article-title":"A Vital Records Security Program","author":"Bergman H. W.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Best's Review, Life\/Health Insurance Edition"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bingham H. W. \"Security Techniques For EDP Of Multi-Level Classified Information \" RADC-TR-65-415 (December 1965). A classic study that predates much of the efforts in authorization technology; this was a study of military intelligence security control techniques for the Burroughs D825. Hardware and software techniques currently used are explained in great detail.  Bingham H. W. \"Security Techniques For EDP Of Multi-Level Classified Information \" RADC-TR-65-415 (December 1965). A classic study that predates much of the efforts in authorization technology; this was a study of military intelligence security control techniques for the Burroughs D825. Hardware and software techniques currently used are explained in great detail.","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0476557"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Blumenthal F. \"Do You Love Your Computer? Keep It Warm \" Parade (April 4 1971). Don't turn off the power!  Blumenthal F. \"Do You Love Your Computer? Keep It Warm \" Parade (April 4 1971). Don't turn off the power!"},{"volume-title":"Conference on Computers: Privacy and Freedom of Information","year":"1970","author":"Booth D. F.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Bournazos K. and N. E. French \"Information Management and Privacy In Business \" Data Management (July 1971). Discusses \"why security\" and proposes that file encryption is the answer.  Bournazos K. and N. E. French \"Information Management and Privacy In Business \" Data Management (July 1971). Discusses \"why security\" and proposes that file encryption is the answer."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Bradley John \"The Vulnerability Of The Digital Computer \" National Computer Research Institute Washington D.C. (1972) $140.00 Looseleaf. An example of how to capitalize on a topic of current interest to management.  Bradley John \"The Vulnerability Of The Digital Computer \" National Computer Research Institute Washington D.C. (1972) $140.00 Looseleaf. An example of how to capitalize on a topic of current interest to management."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Bray Melvyn \"How Safe Is Your System \" Data Systems Great Britain (December 1971).  Bray Melvyn \"How Safe Is Your System \" Data Systems Great Britain (December 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Bride Edward A. \"After The Fire Where Do You Put The New System?\" Computerworld (October 13 1971).  Bride Edward A. \"After The Fire Where Do You Put The New System?\" Computerworld (October 13 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Browne Peter S. \"Data Privacy And Integrity: An Overview \" 1971 ACM-SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Description Access and Control San Diego (November 11-12 1971). The predecessor to this article.  Browne Peter S. \"Data Privacy And Integrity: An Overview \" 1971 ACM-SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Description Access and Control San Diego (November 11-12 1971). The predecessor to this article.","DOI":"10.1145\/1734714.1734733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Browne Peter S. and Dennis Steinauer \"A Model For Access Control \" 1971 ACM\/SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Description Access and Control San Diego (November 11-12 1971). Authorization is discussed from the standpoint of requirements for access to given objects. A conceptual model based on the work of Weissman is developed.  Browne Peter S. and Dennis Steinauer \"A Model For Access Control \" 1971 ACM\/SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Description Access and Control San Diego (November 11-12 1971). Authorization is discussed from the standpoint of requirements for access to given objects. A conceptual model based on the work of Weissman is developed.","DOI":"10.1145\/1734714.1734734"},{"volume-title":"Bureau Of National Affairs (September 25","year":"1970","author":"Bureau Of National Affairs, \"Security Of Computer Systems As Major Problem For","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Business Automation \"The Privacy Thing \" Business Automation (May 1971).  Business Automation \"The Privacy Thing \" Business Automation (May 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Business Insurance \"Special 1971 Safety & Security Report \" Business Insurance (June 7 1971). Oriented more toward insurance than data processing; this does contain some introductory material.  Business Insurance \"Special 1971 Safety & Security Report \" Business Insurance (June 7 1971). Oriented more toward insurance than data processing; this does contain some introductory material."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Canning Richard G. \"Data Security In the CDB \" EDP Analyzer (May 1970).  Canning Richard G. \"Data Security In the CDB \" EDP Analyzer (May 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Canning Richard G. \"Security Of The Computer Center \" EDP Analyzer (December 1971).  Canning Richard G. \"Security Of The Computer Center \" EDP Analyzer (December 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Canning Richard G. \"Computer Security: Backup And Recovery Methods \" EDP Analyzer (January 1972). These three issues written by one of the world's experts in business data processing are each a concise yet complete exposition of current thinking on each topic.  Canning Richard G. \"Computer Security: Backup And Recovery Methods \" EDP Analyzer (January 1972). These three issues written by one of the world's experts in business data processing are each a concise yet complete exposition of current thinking on each topic."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"FJCC","volume":"37","author":"Carroll J. M.","year":"1970"},{"volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference","year":"1971","author":"Carroll John M","key":"e_1_2_1_36_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Chu Albert L. C. \"Computer Security: The Corporate Achilles Heel \" Business Automation (February 1971).  Chu Albert L. C. \"Computer Security: The Corporate Achilles Heel \" Business Automation (February 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Chu Albert L. C. \"The Need To Know-The Right To Privacy \" Business Automation (June 1971). The two articles by A. L. C. Chu are similar to those of Brandt Allen in that they attempt an exposition of computer security from a management or data center point of view.  Chu Albert L. C. \"The Need To Know-The Right To Privacy \" Business Automation (June 1971). The two articles by A. L. C. Chu are similar to those of Brandt Allen in that they attempt an exposition of computer security from a management or data center point of view."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"CODASYL Data Base Task Group \"Report \" CODASYL Data Base Task Group Revised April 1971 ACM Headquarters. These data base system requirements the result of many years of industry effort contain some references to privacy locks and keys.  CODASYL Data Base Task Group \"Report \" CODASYL Data Base Task Group Revised April 1971 ACM Headquarters. These data base system requirements the result of many years of industry effort contain some references to privacy locks and keys."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, FJCC","volume":"35","author":"Comber Edward V","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Voiceprint Concept Supported By Government Sponsored Tests","volume":"14","year":"1971","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Commission On Education Cosine Committee \"An Undergraduate Course In Operating Systems Principles \" Interim Report Cosine Committee Commission On Education of The National Academy Of Engineering (June 1971). The result of the deliberations of a Task Force chaired by Peter Denning. Module 6 on protection deals with how one would control the access of a process to objects in the system. It was largely written by B. W. Lampson.  Commission On Education Cosine Committee \"An Undergraduate Course In Operating Systems Principles \" Interim Report Cosine Committee Commission On Education of The National Academy Of Engineering (June 1971). The result of the deliberations of a Task Force chaired by Peter Denning. Module 6 on protection deals with how one would control the access of a process to objects in the system. It was largely written by B. W. Lampson."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Computerworld. In almost every issue of this weekly newspaper is an article detailing a case of computer fraud embezzlement or sabotage. The excellent bibliography by Witzer {9} mentions over 100 different articles from mid 1971 and so far have a file of half that many.  Computerworld. In almost every issue of this weekly newspaper is an article detailing a case of computer fraud embezzlement or sabotage. The excellent bibliography by Witzer {9} mentions over 100 different articles from mid 1971 and so far have a file of half that many."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Computerworld \"1970 Environment & Security Supplement \" Computerworld (August 26 1970).  Computerworld \"1970 Environment & Security Supplement \" Computerworld (August 26 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Computerworld \"1971 More Supplement \" Computerworld (June 30 1971).  Computerworld \"1971 More Supplement \" Computerworld (June 30 1971).","DOI":"10.7901\/2169-3358-1971-1-30"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Computer Management \"No Sticky Buns In The Computer Room: A Guide To Magnetic Tape Handling \" Computer Management (Great Britain) Volume 5 No 4 (April 15 1970).  Computer Management \"No Sticky Buns In The Computer Room: A Guide To Magnetic Tape Handling \" Computer Management (Great Britain) Volume 5 No 4 (April 15 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Construction Management System Action Group (CMSAG) \"Data Management System Requirements \" Data Management Committee Construction Management System Action Group June 23 1971. J. N. Bryan Chairman. Similar in scope to the CODASYL DBTG {39} and the Guide\/Share {107}. Specific requirements for data security and integrity are outlined.  Construction Management System Action Group (CMSAG) \"Data Management System Requirements \" Data Management Committee Construction Management System Action Group June 23 1971. J. N. Bryan Chairman. Similar in scope to the CODASYL DBTG {39} and the Guide\/Share {107}. Specific requirements for data security and integrity are outlined."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361284.361287"},{"first-page":"481","volume-title":"Spring Joint Computer Conference (May 1972)","author":"Conway R. W., W. L.","key":"e_1_2_1_49_1"},{"volume-title":"Fall Joint Computer Conference","year":"1965","author":"Corbato F. J.","key":"e_1_2_1_50_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Cross Richard F. \"Safeguarding Classified Information \" Industrial Security (August 1967).  Cross Richard F. \"Safeguarding Classified Information \" Industrial Security (August 1967)."},{"first-page":"213","volume-title":"Fall Joint Computer Conference (1965)","author":"Daley R. C.","key":"e_1_2_1_52_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Dansiger Sheldon J. \"Embezzling Primer \" Computers & Automation (November 1967).  Dansiger Sheldon J. \"Embezzling Primer \" Computers & Automation (November 1967)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Data Processing Digest \"Computer Security \" Data Processing Digest Volume 16 No. 10 (October 1970).  Data Processing Digest \"Computer Security \" Data Processing Digest Volume 16 No. 10 (October 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","article-title":"Protecting Your Computer's Security","author":"Data Systems News","year":"1970","journal-title":"Data Systems News"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Davis A. G. \"Security Of The Computer Center \" Industrial Security Volume 15 No. 2 (April 1971).  Davis A. G. \"Security Of The Computer Center \" Industrial Security Volume 15 No. 2 (April 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Davidson T. A. \"Computer Information Privacy \" The Office (August 1969).  Davidson T. A. \"Computer Information Privacy \" The Office (August 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"Davis Gordon Auditing and EDP American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants New York 1971. A very important book for auditors who are and will be forced to become involved with the internal workings of computers.  Davis Gordon Auditing and EDP American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants New York 1971. A very important book for auditors who are and will be forced to become involved with the internal workings of computers."},{"volume-title":"1971 ACM-SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Description, Access and Control","year":"1971","author":"Dean Albert Jr","key":"e_1_2_1_59_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356593.356595"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/321296.321310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365230.365252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","first-page":"01","article-title":"Security In The Computer Environment","volume":"2440","author":"Dennis Robert L","year":"1966","journal-title":"SDC-SP"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","unstructured":"Department Of Defense \"Industrial Security Manual For Safeguarding Classified Information \" DOD 5220.22-M US Government Printing Office (April 1970).  Department Of Defense \"Industrial Security Manual For Safeguarding Classified Information \" DOD 5220.22-M US Government Printing Office (April 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","unstructured":"Devitt R. G. \"Cut Expenses By Taking Care Of Your Tape \" Computer Decisions Volume 2 No. 10 (October 1970).  Devitt R. G. \"Cut Expenses By Taking Care Of Your Tape \" Computer Decisions Volume 2 No. 10 (October 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"Dijkstra E. W. \"Cooperating Sequential Processes \" Department of Mathematics Technological University Eindoven The Netherlands 1965.  Dijkstra E. W. \"Cooperating Sequential Processes \" Department of Mathematics Technological University Eindoven The Netherlands 1965."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363095.363143"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","article-title":"How Much Protection For Magnetically Recorded Data?","author":"Dillon G. M.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Systems & Procedures Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","unstructured":"Donati F. R. \"Computers and Catastrophes \" Data Management (December 1971).  Donati F. R. \"Computers and Catastrophes \" Data Management (December 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","unstructured":"Donnelly G. J. \"Non-Interruptible Electric Power For A Large Computer System \" Electrical Construction Design (1969).  Donnelly G. J. \"Non-Interruptible Electric Power For A Large Computer System \" Electrical Construction Design (1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","unstructured":"Electrical World \"Computer Power In Small Packages \" Electrical World Volume 173 No. 1 (January 5 1970).  Electrical World \"Computer Power In Small Packages \" Electrical World Volume 173 No. 1 (January 5 1970)."},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","article-title":"Providing The Right Environment","volume":"185","author":"Electronics Review","year":"1969","journal-title":"Electronics Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","unstructured":"Enger Isadore Guy T. Merriman and Ann L. Bussemy \"Automatic Security Classification Study \" RADC TR 67-472 (October 1967). Report of an investigation of the feasibility of using computers to assign the proper government security classification to textual material. The \"correctness\" was only 54% but the techniques used did show promise for further research.  Enger Isadore Guy T. Merriman and Ann L. Bussemy \"Automatic Security Classification Study \" RADC TR 67-472 (October 1967). Report of an investigation of the feasibility of using computers to assign the proper government security classification to textual material. The \"correctness\" was only 54% but the techniques used did show promise for further research."},{"first-page":"23","volume-title":"Spring Joint Computer Conference (1967)","author":"Evans D. C.","key":"e_1_2_1_74_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","unstructured":"Factory Insurance Association \"Computer Protection-Highlights of Protection For Data Processing Rooms \" The Sentinel (November-December 1971).  Factory Insurance Association \"Computer Protection-Highlights of Protection For Data Processing Rooms \" The Sentinel (November-December 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","unstructured":"Factory Insurance Association \"Recommended Good Practice For The Protection Of Electronic Data Processing and Industrial Automation \" Factory Insurance Association (1970). A must for installation of physical security and fire preventive efforts.  Factory Insurance Association \"Recommended Good Practice For The Protection Of Electronic Data Processing and Industrial Automation \" Factory Insurance Association (1970). A must for installation of physical security and fire preventive efforts."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Computer Safeguards: How Safe Are They?","volume":"10","author":"Fanwick Charles","year":"1967","journal-title":"SDC Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","unstructured":"Fanwick Charles \"Maintaining Privacy Of Computerized Data \" SP2647 System Development Corporation (December 1 1966).  Fanwick Charles \"Maintaining Privacy Of Computerized Data \" SP2647 System Development Corporation (December 1 1966)."},{"volume-title":"Minutes of Meeting","year":"1960","author":"Federal Fire Council","key":"e_1_2_1_79_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","unstructured":"Federal Fire Council \"Recommended Practices No. 1---Fire Protection For Essential Electronic Equipment.\" March 1962 Clearinghouse For Federal Scientific and Technical Information.  Federal Fire Council \"Recommended Practices No. 1---Fire Protection For Essential Electronic Equipment.\" March 1962 Clearinghouse For Federal Scientific and Technical Information."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","unstructured":"Feistal H. \"Cryptographic Coding For Data Bank Privacy \" IBM Corporation RC 2827 (March 18 1970).  Feistal H. \"Cryptographic Coding For Data Bank Privacy \" IBM Corporation RC 2827 (March 18 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldman J. A. \"Aspects Of Associative Processing \" Technical Note 1965-13 Lincoln Lab MIT.  Feldman J. A. \"Aspects Of Associative Processing \" Technical Note 1965-13 Lincoln Lab MIT.","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0614634"},{"volume-title":"EDP Disaster Protection Workshop, IIA 28th International Conference","year":"1971","author":"Felser G. M.","key":"e_1_2_1_83_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","unstructured":"Fenwick William A. \"Marketing EDP Services: Reviewing The Legal Considerations \" Computers and Automation (November 1971). A misnomer. The author is really talking about security measures to protect the confidentiality of data.  Fenwick William A. \"Marketing EDP Services: Reviewing The Legal Considerations \" Computers and Automation (November 1971). A misnomer. The author is really talking about security measures to protect the confidentiality of data."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","unstructured":"Firebrand Krauss and Company \"Safe: Security Audit And Field Evaluation For Computer Facilities and Information Systems \" Firebrand Krauss and Company Publishers (March 1972).   Firebrand Krauss and Company \"Safe: Security Audit And Field Evaluation For Computer Facilities and Information Systems \" Firebrand Krauss and Company Publishers (March 1972)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","article-title":"Looking At Fire Hazards","author":"Fire Journal","year":"1970","journal-title":"Fire Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Data Banks---A Position Paper","author":"Foster Caxton C","year":"1971","journal-title":"Computers and Automation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freed Roy N. \"Computer Fraud: A Management Trap \" Business Horizons (June 1969).  Freed Roy N. \"Computer Fraud: A Management Trap \" Business Horizons (June 1969).","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-6813(69)90005-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedman T. D. \"The Authorization Problem in Shared Files \" IBM Systems Journal No. 4 (1970) pp. 258--280. The problem of sharing information yet providing proper authorization is reviewed. A model of a secured file system provides the basis for much current work in the field. Friedman rejects the hierarchical approach to authorization in favor of compartments or categorization of access rights.  Friedman T. D. \"The Authorization Problem in Shared Files \" IBM Systems Journal No. 4 (1970) pp. 258--280. The problem of sharing information yet providing proper authorization is reviewed. A model of a secured file system provides the basis for much current work in the field. Friedman rejects the hierarchical approach to authorization in favor of compartments or categorization of access rights.","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.94.0258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","unstructured":"Fuss E. L. \"Potential Solutions In Computer Security Control \" Seminar---American Society Industrial Security September 11 1968.  Fuss E. L. \"Potential Solutions In Computer Security Control \" Seminar---American Society Industrial Security September 11 1968."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361268.361274"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","unstructured":"Gaines H. F. Cryptanalysis (New York: Dover Press 1956).  Gaines H. F. Cryptanalysis (New York: Dover Press 1956)."},{"first-page":"159","volume-title":"Congress, 89th, Gallagher Report (1967)","author":"Gallati R. R. J.","key":"e_1_2_1_93_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","unstructured":"Gellman Harvey S. \"How The Computer Can Be Used To Rob You Blind \" Risk Management (August\/September 1971).  Gellman Harvey S. \"How The Computer Can Be Used To Rob You Blind \" Risk Management (August\/September 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Using The Computer To Steal","author":"Gellman Harvey S","year":"1971","journal-title":"Computers & Automation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","unstructured":"General Services Administration (GSA) \"GSA Time Sharing RFP (Protection Requirements) \" GSA-Federal Supply Service (November 8 1971).  General Services Administration (GSA) \"GSA Time Sharing RFP (Protection Requirements) \" GSA-Federal Supply Service (November 8 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","unstructured":"Girsdansky M. B. \"Data Privacy: Cryptology and the Computer at IBM Research \" IBM Research Reports Volume 7 No. 4 (1971). An interesting study on what researchers are doing to devise \"unbreakable\" codes and how many classical approaches to encipherment are easily compromised. The paper discusses \"Lucifer \" a hardware encryption device.  Girsdansky M. B. \"Data Privacy: Cryptology and the Computer at IBM Research \" IBM Research Reports Volume 7 No. 4 (1971). An interesting study on what researchers are doing to devise \"unbreakable\" codes and how many classical approaches to encipherment are easily compromised. The paper discusses \"Lucifer \" a hardware encryption device."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Spring Joint Computer Conference (1967)","volume":"30","author":"Glaser E. L."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","unstructured":"Glaser E. L. \"The Safeguarding Of Information: A User's View \" Proceedings IFIP Congress (1968) Supplement Booklet 1 pp. 3-6.  Glaser E. L. \"The Safeguarding Of Information: A User's View \" Proceedings IFIP Congress (1968) Supplement Booklet 1 pp. 3-6."},{"volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference","year":"1965","author":"Glaser E. L.","key":"e_1_2_1_100_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","unstructured":"Godbout W. \"Computer Theft By Computer \" Security World (May 1971).  Godbout W. \"Computer Theft By Computer \" Security World (May 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","unstructured":"Graham G. Scott \"Protection Structures In Operating Systems \" Master of Computer Science Thesis Department of Computer Science University of Toronto August 1971.  Graham G. Scott \"Protection Structures In Operating Systems \" Master of Computer Science Thesis Department of Computer Science University of Toronto August 1971."},{"first-page":"417","volume-title":"Spring Joint Computer Conference (May 1972)","author":"Graham G.","key":"e_1_2_1_103_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363095.363146"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","unstructured":"Greenlee Malcom B. \"Privacy Considerations For Computer Systems \" Mimeographed Paper 1971 AMR Seminar On Computer Security.  Greenlee Malcom B. \"Privacy Considerations For Computer Systems \" Mimeographed Paper 1971 AMR Seminar On Computer Security."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","unstructured":"Guide International \"Data Center Security Guidelines \" Guide Data Center Security Project GSD 28070 February 1972.  Guide International \"Data Center Security Guidelines \" Guide Data Center Security Project GSD 28070 February 1972."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","unstructured":"GUIDE-SHARE \"Data Base Management System Requirements \" Joint Guide-Share Data Base Requirements Group November 11 1970. An important document that outlines idealized requirements for data base management. Security and integrity play a dominant role.  GUIDE-SHARE \"Data Base Management System Requirements \" Joint Guide-Share Data Base Requirements Group November 11 1970. An important document that outlines idealized requirements for data base management. Security and integrity play a dominant role."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","article-title":"File Security","author":"Guise Jr., R. F.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Data Systems News"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363156.363160"},{"volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada (November","year":"1971","author":"Hansen M. H.","key":"e_1_2_1_110_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","unstructured":"Hansen M. H. \"Some Aspects Of Confidentiality In Information Systems \" Papers from the Eighth Annual Conference of the Urban Regional Information Systems Association Louisville Ky. (September 1970).  Hansen M. H. \"Some Aspects Of Confidentiality In Information Systems \" Papers from the Eighth Annual Conference of the Urban Regional Information Systems Association Louisville Ky. (September 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/362258.362278"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","unstructured":"Harrison Annette \"The Problem Of Privacy In The Computer Age: An Annotated Bibliography \" Rand-RM 5495-PR\/RC Volume 1 (December 1967).  Harrison Annette \"The Problem Of Privacy In The Computer Age: An Annotated Bibliography \" Rand-RM 5495-PR\/RC Volume 1 (December 1967)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"The Problem Of Privacy In The Computer Age: An Annotated Bibliography","volume":"5495","author":"Harrison Annette","year":"1969","journal-title":"Rand-RM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","unstructured":"Haskins and Sells Incorporated Internal Control In Electronic Accounting Systems Haskins and Sells Incorporated (1965).  Haskins and Sells Incorporated Internal Control In Electronic Accounting Systems Haskins and Sells Incorporated (1965)."},{"volume-title":"Incorporated","year":"1968","author":"Healy R. J.","key":"e_1_2_1_116_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","unstructured":"Healy R. J. Emergency and Disaster Planning (New York: Wiley Press 1969).  Healy R. J. Emergency and Disaster Planning (New York: Wiley Press 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Preventing Damage To EDP Systems","author":"Hemphill Jr.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Administrative Management"},{"volume-title":"Inc.","year":"1971","author":"Hemphill Jr.","key":"e_1_2_1_119_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","unstructured":"Hirschfield Richard A. \"Security In On-Line Systems--A Primer For Management \" Computers and Automation (September 1971). Management beware-security is comprehensive control. Most installations don't have it.  Hirschfield Richard A. \"Security In On-Line Systems--A Primer For Management \" Computers and Automation (September 1971). Management beware-security is comprehensive control. Most installations don't have it."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356546.356548"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Getting A Personal Dossier From A Statistical Data Bank","author":"Hoffman Lance J","year":"1970","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffman Lance J. \"The Formulary Model For Access Control And Privacy\" Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Report No. 117 (May 1970).  Hoffman Lance J. \"The Formulary Model For Access Control And Privacy\" Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Report No. 117 (May 1970).","DOI":"10.2172\/4148524"},{"volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada (November","year":"1971","author":"Hoffman Lance J","key":"e_1_2_1_124_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","article-title":"EDP Security: Is Your Guard Up?","author":"Howes Paul R","year":"1971","journal-title":"AMA Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_126_1","unstructured":"Hsiao David K. \"A File System For A Problem Solving Facility \" PhD Dissertation in Electrical Engineering University of Pennsylvania 1968. Hsiao discusses the use of an \"authority item\" which allows protection below the file level. The system is based on a multilist file structure.  Hsiao David K. \"A File System For A Problem Solving Facility \" PhD Dissertation in Electrical Engineering University of Pennsylvania 1968. Hsiao discusses the use of an \"authority item\" which allows protection below the file level. The system is based on a multilist file structure."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_127_1","unstructured":"International Business Machines Corporation The Considerations Of Data Security In A Computer Environment (IBM-Data Processing Division 1968). A widely distributed monograph on data security; it helped bring attention to some of the needs and the problems.  International Business Machines Corporation The Considerations Of Data Security In A Computer Environment (IBM-Data Processing Division 1968). A widely distributed monograph on data security; it helped bring attention to some of the needs and the problems."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_128_1","unstructured":"International Business Machines Data Processing Techniques For Management Control Of Electronic Data Processing (IBM Manual F20-0006-0 September 1969).  International Business Machines Data Processing Techniques For Management Control Of Electronic Data Processing (IBM Manual F20-0006-0 September 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_129_1","unstructured":"International Business Machines Corporation: IBM System\/360 Operating System Concepts and Facilities (GC28-6535 November 1968). IBM System\/360 Principles of Operation (GA22-6821 September 1968). IBM System\/370 Principles of Operation (GA22-7000 June 1970). These manuals give the architecture for protection in the 360\/370 series. The concept of a storage protect key and lock is used for access to objects in memory.  International Business Machines Corporation: IBM System\/360 Operating System Concepts and Facilities (GC28-6535 November 1968). IBM System\/360 Principles of Operation (GA22-6821 September 1968). IBM System\/370 Principles of Operation (GA22-7000 June 1970). These manuals give the architecture for protection in the 360\/370 series. The concept of a storage protect key and lock is used for access to objects in memory."},{"volume-title":"December, 1971). OS\/MVT With Resource Security: Installation and System Programmer's Guide (GH20-1021-0","year":"1971","author":"International Business Machines Corporation","key":"e_1_2_1_130_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_131_1","unstructured":"International Business Machines Corporation Guidelines For Protection & Control In A Computer Environment (IBM Corporation Poughkeepsie New York D. P. Headquarters Field Systems Center 1971). This is one of the very best manuals on the subject of how to develop and implement a comprehensive computer security program. See your local IBM representative. It's better than anything else on the market and costs less.  International Business Machines Corporation Guidelines For Protection & Control In A Computer Environment (IBM Corporation Poughkeepsie New York D. P. Headquarters Field Systems Center 1971). This is one of the very best manuals on the subject of how to develop and implement a comprehensive computer security program. See your local IBM representative. It's better than anything else on the market and costs less."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_132_1","unstructured":"Industrial Security \"Problems and Potential Solutions In Computer Control \" Industrial Security (April 1969).  Industrial Security \"Problems and Potential Solutions In Computer Control \" Industrial Security (April 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_133_1","unstructured":"Industry Week \"Some Tips On Computer Security \" Industry Week (August 3 1970).  Industry Week \"Some Tips On Computer Security \" Industry Week (August 3 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_134_1","unstructured":"Industry Week \"Computer Security Is Sensitive Area \" Industry Week Volume 167 (October 5 1970).  Industry Week \"Computer Security Is Sensitive Area \" Industry Week Volume 167 (October 5 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_135_1","unstructured":"Jacobsen Robert V. \"Planning For Back-Up Facilities \" Computer Services A. Z. Publishing (May-June 1970).  Jacobsen Robert V. \"Planning For Back-Up Facilities \" Computer Services A. Z. Publishing (May-June 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_136_1","unstructured":"Jacobsen Robert V. \"Providing Data Security \" Automation Volume 17 No. 6 (June 1970).  Jacobsen Robert V. \"Providing Data Security \" Automation Volume 17 No. 6 (June 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_137_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Providing Security Protection For Computer Files","author":"Jacobsen Robert V","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bests Review (Life\/Health Insurance Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_138_1","unstructured":"Jacobsen Robert V. Protecting The Computer Center (Canadian Society For Industrial Security May 1971).  Jacobsen Robert V. Protecting The Computer Center (Canadian Society For Industrial Security May 1971)."},{"volume-title":"ABA National Automation Conference (May","year":"1971","author":"Jacobsen Robert V","key":"e_1_2_1_139_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_140_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"A Protection Primer For EDP Records","author":"Johnson Carl E","year":"1969","journal-title":"Banking"},{"first-page":"171","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Spring Joint Computer Conference (1968)","author":"Jones R. S.","key":"e_1_2_1_141_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_142_1","unstructured":"Kahn D. The Code Breakers (New York: The MacMillan Company 1967). The classic book for those interested in cryptology.  Kahn D. The Code Breakers (New York: The MacMillan Company 1967). The classic book for those interested in cryptology."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_143_1","unstructured":"Karush A. \"The Computer System Recording Utility: Application and Theory \" SDC SP3303. (March 1969).  Karush A. \"The Computer System Recording Utility: Application and Theory \" SDC SP3303. (March 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_144_1","unstructured":"Karush A. \"Benchmark Analysis Of Time Sharing Systems: Methodology and Results \" SDC SP3343 (April 1969).  Karush A. \"Benchmark Analysis Of Time Sharing Systems: Methodology and Results \" SDC SP3343 (April 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_145_1","unstructured":"Karush A. D. and Larson R. H. \"Analysis and Measurement Of The Audit Recording Function \" SDC TM4435 (August 1969).  Karush A. D. and Larson R. H. \"Analysis and Measurement Of The Audit Recording Function \" SDC TM4435 (August 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_146_1","unstructured":"Kjeldaas M. \"Security In Software \" Data Processing Digest (September 1969).  Kjeldaas M. \"Security In Software \" Data Processing Digest (September 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_147_1","unstructured":"Krauss Leonard L. Administering and Controlling The Company Data Processing Function (Englewood Cliffs New Jersey Prentice Hall 1969).  Krauss Leonard L. Administering and Controlling The Company Data Processing Function (Englewood Cliffs New Jersey Prentice Hall 1969)."},{"volume":"54","volume-title":"Proceedings IEEE","author":"Lampson B. W.","key":"e_1_2_1_148_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363095.363144"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_150_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference","volume":"35","author":"Lampson B. W.","year":"1969"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings, Fifth Annual Princeton Conference on Information Sciences and Systems. Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University (March","year":"1971","author":"Lampson B. W.","key":"e_1_2_1_151_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_152_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Reliability of Data Bank Records","author":"Lauren Roy H","year":"1970","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"volume-title":"Address: 1972 Spring Joint Computer Conference,\" 1972 Spring Joint Computer Conference Press Release","year":"1972","author":"Learson T. Vincent","key":"e_1_2_1_153_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_154_1","unstructured":"Lesser V. R. \"A Multi-Level Computer Organization Designed To Separate Data-Accessing From Computation \" Tech. Rep. CS90-Computer Science Department Stanford University (March 1968).   Lesser V. R. \"A Multi-Level Computer Organization Designed To Separate Data-Accessing From Computation \" Tech. Rep. CS90-Computer Science Department Stanford University (March 1968)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_155_1","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Fall Joint Computer Conference","volume":"35","author":"Linde R., C.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_156_1","unstructured":"Lutter F. H. \"Protecting The Data Base \" Administrative Management Volume 31 (November 1970).  Lutter F. H. \"Protecting The Data Base \" Administrative Management Volume 31 (November 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_157_1","article-title":"Are Your EDP Operations Insured?","author":"Management Review","year":"1966","journal-title":"Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_158_1","unstructured":"Martin James Design Of Real Time Computer Systems Chapter 35 Accuracy and Security (Englewood Cliffs N.J.: Prentice-Hall 1967).  Martin James Design Of Real Time Computer Systems Chapter 35 Accuracy and Security (Englewood Cliffs N.J.: Prentice-Hall 1967)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_159_1","first-page":"481","author":"Martin James","year":"1970","journal-title":"Prentice-Hall"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_160_1","article-title":"Avoid Losses Through Risk Management","author":"McCahill F. X. Jr.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_161_1","unstructured":"Miller Arthur R. The Assault on Privacy (University of Michigan Press 1971). This book along with {222} are the definitive volumes on computers and privacy. They are listed here because of their importance even though this bibliography excludes citations exclusively devoted to privacy.  Miller Arthur R. The Assault on Privacy (University of Michigan Press 1971). This book along with {222} are the definitive volumes on computers and privacy. They are listed here because of their importance even though this bibliography excludes citations exclusively devoted to privacy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_162_1","unstructured":"Mintz Harold K. \"Safeguarding Computer Information \" Software Age (May 1970).  Mintz Harold K. \"Safeguarding Computer Information \" Software Age (May 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_163_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Spring Joint Computer Conference (1970)","author":"Molho L. M.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_164_1","unstructured":"Nations's Business \"Guard That Computer \" Nations Business (April 1971).  Nations's Business \"Guard That Computer \" Nations Business (April 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_165_1","unstructured":"National Fire Protection Association \"Protection Of Electronic Computer\/Data Processing Equipment 1968 \" NFPA No. 75-National Fire Protection Association International (1968).  National Fire Protection Association \"Protection Of Electronic Computer\/Data Processing Equipment 1968 \" NFPA No. 75-National Fire Protection Association International (1968)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_166_1","unstructured":"The National Underwriter \"Importance & Complexities of EDP Units and Media Cause Many Insurance Problems \" The National Underwriter (July 17 1964).  The National Underwriter \"Importance & Complexities of EDP Units and Media Cause Many Insurance Problems \" The National Underwriter (July 17 1964)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_167_1","unstructured":"Neville Haig \"Computer Capers Herald New Crime Wave Of Embezzlement \" The National Underwriter (August 20 1971).  Neville Haig \"Computer Capers Herald New Crime Wave Of Embezzlement \" The National Underwriter (August 20 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_168_1","unstructured":"Notz W. A. and J. L. Smith \"An Experimental Application Of Cryptography To A Remotely Accessed Data System \" IBM Corporation RC 3508 (August 18 1971). Describes \"Lucifer \" a hardware encryption and decoding device attached to a time shared 360\/67.  Notz W. A. and J. L. Smith \"An Experimental Application Of Cryptography To A Remotely Accessed Data System \" IBM Corporation RC 3508 (August 18 1971). Describes \"Lucifer \" a hardware encryption and decoding device attached to a time shared 360\/67."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_169_1","article-title":"Security Defenses For The Computer room","author":"Occupational Hazards","year":"1968","journal-title":"Occupational Hazards Magazine"},{"first-page":"539","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Spring Joint Computer Conference (1971)","author":"File Organization Using Multiple Keys,\"","key":"e_1_2_1_170_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_171_1","unstructured":"O'Connor Richard A. \"The Software Techniques Of Data Security \" Paper To The Midlands Chapter ACM September 23 1971.  O'Connor Richard A. \"The Software Techniques Of Data Security \" Paper To The Midlands Chapter ACM September 23 1971."},{"first-page":"263","volume-title":"1971 SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Definition Access and Control","author":"Owens Richard C. Jr.","key":"e_1_2_1_172_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_173_1","first-page":"036","article-title":"Primary Access Control In Large-Scale Time Shared Decision Systems","volume":"89","author":"Owens Richard C. Jr.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Project MAC-TR"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_174_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"The Computer--A Target","author":"Perham John","year":"1971","journal-title":"DUNS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_175_1","first-page":"283","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Spring Joint Computer Conference","volume":"30","author":"Peters Bernard","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_176_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Spring Joint Computer Conference","volume":"30","author":"Peterson H. E.","year":"1967"},{"volume-title":"GUIDE 29 Proceedings","year":"1969","author":"Pfoff Alfred M","key":"e_1_2_1_177_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_178_1","unstructured":"Planning Research Corporation \"PACER Multi-Level Security Program Design Specifications \" PRC WP0115 (November 1970). PACER is a military intelligence analysis system. It processes mixes of highly classified data therefore security is a prime consideration in its design. It is implemented on Honeywell 6000 series equipment.  Planning Research Corporation \"PACER Multi-Level Security Program Design Specifications \" PRC WP0115 (November 1970). PACER is a military intelligence analysis system. It processes mixes of highly classified data therefore security is a prime consideration in its design. It is implemented on Honeywell 6000 series equipment."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_179_1","unstructured":"Reeder James A. \"Security Education and Training: Prevention Against Compromise \" Defense Industry Bulletin (Winter 1971).  Reeder James A. \"Security Education and Training: Prevention Against Compromise \" Defense Industry Bulletin (Winter 1971)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of SHARE XXXI and GUIDE 27 (October","year":"1968","author":"Rofes W. L.","key":"e_1_2_1_180_1"},{"volume-title":"GUIDE 30 Proceedings","year":"1970","author":"Rofes W. M.","key":"e_1_2_1_181_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_182_1","unstructured":"Schiedermayer P. L. \"The Many Aspects Of Computer Security \" The Police Chief (July 1970).  Schiedermayer P. L. \"The Many Aspects Of Computer Security \" The Police Chief (July 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800212.806498"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800196.805996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_185_1","unstructured":"Scoma Jr. Louis \"Security In The Computer Complex \" Computers and Automation Volume 19 No. 11 (November 1970).  Scoma Jr. Louis \"Security In The Computer Complex \" Computers and Automation Volume 19 No. 11 (November 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_186_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Protecting Your EDP","author":"Scoma Jr.","year":"1971","journal-title":"The Office"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363269.363277"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_189_1","unstructured":"Sinkov A. Elementary Cryptanalysis A Mathematical Approach (New York: Random House 1968).  Sinkov A. Elementary Cryptanalysis A Mathematical Approach (New York: Random House 1968)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_190_1","first-page":"111","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference","volume":"35","author":"Skatrud R. O.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_191_1","unstructured":"Smith J. L. \"The Design Of Lucifer A Cryptographic Device For Data Communications \" IBM Corporation RC 3326 (April 15 1971).  Smith J. L. \"The Design Of Lucifer A Cryptographic Device For Data Communications \" IBM Corporation RC 3326 (April 15 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_192_1","article-title":"Common Sense In Computer Security","author":"Sorenson J. L.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_193_1","unstructured":"Tassel Coleman J. \"Information Security In A Computer Environment \" Computers & Automation (July 1969).  Tassel Coleman J. \"Information Security In A Computer Environment \" Computers & Automation (July 1969)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_194_1","unstructured":"Taylor R. L. and R. S. Feingold \"Computer Data Protection \" Industrial Security Volume 14 No. 4 (August 1970).  Taylor R. L. and R. S. Feingold \"Computer Data Protection \" Industrial Security Volume 14 No. 4 (August 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_195_1","article-title":"Computer Information Privacy","author":"The Office","year":"1969","journal-title":"The Office Magazine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_196_1","article-title":"The Thief Inside","volume":"72","author":"The Office","year":"1970","journal-title":"The Office Magazine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_197_1","article-title":"The Thief Outside","volume":"72","author":"The Office","year":"1970","journal-title":"The Office Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_198_1","unstructured":"Thorne Jack F. \"Internal Control of Real-Time Systems \" Data Management (January 1971).  Thorne Jack F. \"Internal Control of Real-Time Systems \" Data Management (January 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_199_1","unstructured":"Turn Rein and H. E. Peterson \"Security of Computerized Information Systems \" Rand P-4405 (July 1970).  Turn Rein and H. E. Peterson \"Security of Computerized Information Systems \" Rand P-4405 (July 1970)."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_1_200_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Information Security In A Computer Environment","volume":"18","author":"Van Tassel Dennie","year":"1969","journal-title":"Computers and Automation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/363626.363632"},{"volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference","year":"1970","author":"Van Tassel Dennie","key":"e_1_2_1_202_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_203_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"A Contingency Plan For Catastrophe","author":"Van Tassel Dennie","year":"1971","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_204_1","unstructured":"Van Tassel Dennie Computer Security Management (Prentice-Hall Incorporated Englewood Cliffs N.J. April 1972).  Van Tassel Dennie Computer Security Management (Prentice-Hall Incorporated Englewood Cliffs N.J. April 1972)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_205_1","unstructured":"Verba J. \"Protecting Your EDP Investment \" Management Services Volume 7 (September 1970).  Verba J. \"Protecting Your EDP Investment \" Management Services Volume 7 (September 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_206_1","unstructured":"Vergar J. V. \"EDP and The Internal Audit \" Bank Administration (March 1971).  Vergar J. V. \"EDP and The Internal Audit \" Bank Administration (March 1971)."},{"volume-title":"Fall Joint Computer Conference","year":"1965","author":"Vyssotsky V. A., F. J.","key":"e_1_2_1_207_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_208_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Spring Joint Computer Conference","volume":"30","author":"Ware Willis","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_209_1","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Spring Joint Computer Conference","volume":"30","author":"Ware Willis H","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_210_1","first-page":"4329","article-title":"Computer Data Banks and Security Controls","author":"Ware Willis H","year":"1970","journal-title":"Rand"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_211_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Bridging The Computer-Auditor Gap","author":"Wasserman Joseph J","year":"1969","journal-title":"Banking"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_212_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Plugging The Leaks In Computer Security","author":"Wasserman Joseph J","year":"1969","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_213_1","article-title":"Protecting Your Computer's Security","author":"Wasserman Joseph J","year":"1970","journal-title":"Data System News"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_214_1","unstructured":"Wegstein J. H. \"A Computer Oriented Single Fingerprint Identification System \" National Bureau of Standards NBS Technical Note 443.  Wegstein J. H. \"A Computer Oriented Single Fingerprint Identification System \" National Bureau of Standards NBS Technical Note 443."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wegstein J. H. \"Matching Fingerprints By Computers \" National Bureau of Standards NBS Technical Note 466 (July 1968).  Wegstein J. H. \"Matching Fingerprints By Computers \" National Bureau of Standards NBS Technical Note 466 (July 1968).","DOI":"10.6028\/NBS.TN.466"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_216_1","unstructured":"Weiss Harold \"The Danger of Total Corporate Amnesia \" Financial Executive (June 1969).  Weiss Harold \"The Danger of Total Corporate Amnesia \" Financial Executive (June 1969)."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_1_217_1","article-title":"Programming Protection: What Do You Want To Pay?","volume":"10","author":"Weissman Clark","year":"1967","journal-title":"SDC Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_218_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference","volume":"35","author":"Weissman Clark","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_219_1","unstructured":"Weissman Clark \"Trade-Off Considerations In Security System Design \" SDC-SP 3548 (September 10 1970) also Data Management (April 1972).  Weissman Clark \"Trade-Off Considerations In Security System Design \" SDC-SP 3548 (September 10 1970) also Data Management (April 1972)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_220_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"What About Security?--On Centers","author":"Welke L. A.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Modern Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_221_1","unstructured":"Wessler John Edith Myers and W. David Gardner \"Physical Security--Facts and Fancies \" Datamation (July 1 1971).  Wessler John Edith Myers and W. David Gardner \"Physical Security--Facts and Fancies \" Datamation (July 1 1971)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_222_1","unstructured":"Westin Alan F. Privacy and Freedom (New York: Atheneum Press 1967). See {161} for the other citation on privacy.  Westin Alan F. Privacy and Freedom (New York: Atheneum Press 1967). See {161} for the other citation on privacy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_223_1","unstructured":"Wilkes M. V. \"Time Sharing Computer Systems \" American Elsevier Incorporated New York (1968) pp. 49-59 75-90.   Wilkes M. V. \"Time Sharing Computer Systems \" American Elsevier Incorporated New York (1968) pp. 49-59 75-90."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_224_1","unstructured":"Yourdon Edward \"Reliability of Real-Time Systems \" Modern Data (January through June 1972). A six part series of articles (from a book of the same title) explores why and how systems fail.  Yourdon Edward \"Reliability of Real-Time Systems \" Modern Data (January through June 1972). A six part series of articles (from a book of the same title) explores why and how systems fail."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_225_1","unstructured":"Defense Intelligence Agency \"Security of Classified Information in the DIS ANSRS System \" DIA: C-3663\/MS5 (February 14 1969) Official Use Only.  Defense Intelligence Agency \"Security of Classified Information in the DIS ANSRS System \" DIA: C-3663\/MS5 (February 14 1969) Official Use Only."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_226_1","unstructured":"Ellis William B. \"Security Procedures for the RYE System \" NSA: C924 (December 23 1968) Official Use Only.  Ellis William B. \"Security Procedures for the RYE System \" NSA: C924 (December 23 1968) Official Use Only."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_227_1","unstructured":"Ware Willis H. (ed) \"Security Controls For Computer Systems \" Rand Corporation R-607 (February 1970) Confidential. This is the definitive document so far. It is the result of a Defense Science Board task force study of computer security. Policy and technical aspects are both covered. Efforts are under way to get it declassified.  Ware Willis H. (ed) \"Security Controls For Computer Systems \" Rand Corporation R-607 (February 1970) Confidential. This is the definitive document so far. It is the result of a Defense Science Board task force study of computer security. Policy and technical aspects are both covered. Efforts are under way to get it declassified."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_228_1","unstructured":"Air Force Systems Command \"Request For Proposal: World-Wide Military Command and Control System \" Directorate of ADPE Selection (ESMC) Electronic Systems Division Air Force Systems Command USAF L. G. Hanscomb Field Bedford Mass. (ESMC Project 41-67).  Air Force Systems Command \"Request For Proposal: World-Wide Military Command and Control System \" Directorate of ADPE Selection (ESMC) Electronic Systems Division Air Force Systems Command USAF L. G. Hanscomb Field Bedford Mass. (ESMC Project 41-67)."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1017536.1017537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1017536.1017537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:25:00Z","timestamp":1750263900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1017536.1017537"}},"subtitle":["a survey"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]},"references-count":228,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1017536.1017537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1017536.1017537","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-0033","1532-0936"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0095-0033"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1532-0936"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1972-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}