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The main drawbacks are: they can only be calculated after a major development effort has been committed to produce the source codes; they cannot provide early feedback during the specification phase; and subsequently it is expensive to make changes to the system, if so indicated by the metrics. To date, there is hardly any work done on measuring the complexity of a system early in its specification phase. In this paper, we describe how the complexity of a Z specification can be measured. We also found that there is a significant correlation between the specification metrics proposed and the widely adopted OO metrics, thus demonstrating that our proposed metrics are a reliable means of measuring the system early in the specification phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1022494.1022521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T17:39:09Z","timestamp":1097170749000},"page":"1-5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Measuring Z specifications"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Fangjun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University, China"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1245305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1166590"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/505776.505794"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009783721306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.748920"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.295895"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(98)00003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-sen:19990600"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/167049.167075"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.spss.com http:\/\/www.spss.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1191797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/606666.606681"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2003.1166588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471271357","volume-title":"Methods of multivariate analysis","author":"Rencher A. 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Yi, Tong, Wu, Fangjun (2004): A Complexity and Reuse Measure for UML Class Diagram. 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