{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:43:26Z","timestamp":1750308206050,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Web services have the potential to dramatically reduce the complexities and costs of software integration projects. The most obvious and perhaps most significant difference between Web services and traditional applications is that Web services use a common communication infrastructure, XML and SOAP, to communicate through the Internet. The method of communication introduces complexities to the problems of verifying and validating Web services that do not exist in traditional software. This paper presents a new approach to testing Web services based on\n            <jats:bold>data perturbation.<\/jats:bold>\n            Existing XML messages are modified based on rules defined on the message grammars, and then used as tests. Data perturbation uses two methods to test Web services: data value perturbation and interaction perturbation. Data value perturbation modifies values according to the data type. Interaction perturbation classifies the communication messages into two categories: RPC communication and data communication. At present, this method is restricted to peer-to-peer interactions. The paper presents preliminary empirical evidence of its usefulness.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1022494.1022529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T17:39:09Z","timestamp":1097170749000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Generating test cases for web services using data perturbation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jeff","family":"Offutt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA"}]},{"given":"Wuzhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/581339.581425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"The International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA)","author":"Arenas Marcelo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marcelo Arenas , Wenfei Fan , and Leonid Libkin . What's hard about XML Schema constraints? In The International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA) , Springer, Heidelberg , 2002 . Marcelo Arenas, Wenfei Fan, and Leonid Libkin. What's hard about XML Schema constraints? In The International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA), Springer, Heidelberg, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Software Testing Techniques","author":"Beizer B.","year":"1990","unstructured":"B. Beizer . Software Testing Techniques . Van Nostrand Reinhold, Inc , New York NY , 2 nd edition, 1990 . ISBN 0-442-20672-0. B. Beizer. Software Testing Techniques. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Inc, New York NY, 2nd edition, 1990. ISBN 0-442-20672-0.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Report: Testing Web services. White paper of report for Parasoft SOAPTest","author":"Bloomberg Jason","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jason Bloomberg . Report: Testing Web services. White paper of report for Parasoft SOAPTest , 2002 . http:\/\/www.parasoft.com\/jsp\/templates\/misc\/soap\/web_services_excerpt.pdf (accessed November 2003). Jason Bloomberg. Report: Testing Web services. White paper of report for Parasoft SOAPTest, 2002. http:\/\/www.parasoft.com\/jsp\/templates\/misc\/soap\/web_services_excerpt.pdf (accessed November 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"The Rational Edge E-zine for the Rational Community, 2002","author":"Bloomberg Jason","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jason Bloomberg . Testing Web services today and tomorrow . The Rational Edge E-zine for the Rational Community, 2002 . http:\/\/www.therationaledge.com\/content\/oct_02\/PDF\/WebTesting_TheRationalEdge_Oct02.pdf (accessed November 2003 ). Jason Bloomberg. Testing Web services today and tomorrow. The Rational Edge E-zine for the Rational Community, 2002. http:\/\/www.therationaledge.com\/content\/oct_02\/PDF\/WebTesting_TheRationalEdge_Oct02.pdf (accessed November 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Using regular tree automata as XML Schemas","author":"Chidlovskii Boris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boris Chidlovskii . Using regular tree automata as XML Schemas . In IEEE Advances in Digital Libraries 2000 (ADL 2000), Washington, D.C. , May 2000. Boris Chidlovskii. Using regular tree automata as XML Schemas. In IEEE Advances in Digital Libraries 2000 (ADL 2000), Washington, D.C., May 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Web services explained: Solutions and applications for the real world","author":"Clabby Joe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Joe Clabby . Web services explained: Solutions and applications for the real world . Pearson Education Inc ., 2003 . Joe Clabby. Web services explained: Solutions and applications for the real world. Pearson Education Inc., 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Web services testing. The Red-gate software technical papers","author":"Davidson Neil","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neil Davidson . Web services testing. The Red-gate software technical papers , 2002 . http:\/\/www.redgate.com\/dotnet\/more\/web_services_testing.htm (accessed November 2003). Neil Davidson. Web services testing. The Red-gate software technical papers, 2002. http:\/\/www.redgate.com\/dotnet\/more\/web_services_testing.htm (accessed November 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.92910"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Taking e-business to the next level. IBM white paper","author":"IBM.","year":"2000","unstructured":"IBM. Web services : Taking e-business to the next level. IBM white paper , 2000 . http:\/\/www-900.ibm.com\/developerWorks\/cn\/wsdd\/download\/pdf\/e-businessj.pdf (accessed November 2003). IBM. Web services: Taking e-business to the next level. IBM white paper, 2000. http:\/\/www-900.ibm.com\/developerWorks\/cn\/wsdd\/download\/pdf\/e-businessj.pdf (accessed November 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE.2001.989474","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering","author":"Lee Suet Chun","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suet Chun Lee and Jeff Offutt . Generating test cases for XML-based Web component interactions using mutation analysis . In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering , pages 200 -- 209 , Hong Kong China , November 2001 . IEEE Computer Society Press. Suet Chun Lee and Jeff Offutt. Generating test cases for XML-based Web component interactions using mutation analysis. In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, pages 200--209, Hong Kong China, November 2001. IEEE Computer Society Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Hedge automata: A formal model for XML schema. Web page","author":"Murata Makoto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Makoto Murata . Hedge automata: A formal model for XML schema. Web page , 2000 . http:\/\/citeseer.nj.nec.com\/article\/murata99hedge.html (accessed November 2003). Makoto Murata. Hedge automata: A formal model for XML schema. Web page, 2000. http:\/\/citeseer.nj.nec.com\/article\/murata99hedge.html (accessed November 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.991329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"The Twelfth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2003)","author":"Reuter Florian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Florian Reuter and Norbert Luttenberger . Cardinality constraint automata: A core technology for efficient XML schema-aware parsers . In The Twelfth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2003) , Budapest, Hungary , May 20-24 2003 . Florian Reuter and Norbert Luttenberger. Cardinality constraint automata: A core technology for efficient XML schema-aware parsers. In The Twelfth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW2003), Budapest, Hungary, May 20-24 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Inc., 2002","author":"Spett Kevin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kevin Spett . SQL injection : Are your Web applications vulnerable? White paper in SPI Dynamics , Inc., 2002 . http:\/\/www.spidynamics.com\/whitepapers\/WhitepaperSQLInjection.pdf (accessed November 2003 ). Kevin Spett. SQL injection: Are your Web applications vulnerable? White paper in SPI Dynamics, Inc., 2002. http:\/\/www.spidynamics.com\/whitepapers\/WhitepaperSQLInjection.pdf (accessed November 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/795685.797694"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-xml-names\/ (accessed","author":"C. Namespaces","year":"2003","unstructured":"W3 C. Namespaces in XML, 1999. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-xml-names\/ (accessed November 2003 ). W3C. Namespaces in XML, 1999. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-xml-names\/ (accessed November 2003)."},{"volume-title":"W3C. Extensible markup language (XML) 1.0","year":"2000","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"W3C. Extensible markup language (XML) 1.0 ( second edition) -- W3C recommendation, October 2000 . http:\/\/www.w3.org\/XML\/. W3C. Extensible markup language (XML) 1.0 (second edition) -- W3C recommendation, October 2000. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/XML\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xmlschema-2\/ (accessed","author":"Recommendation C. Datatypes","year":"2004","unstructured":"W3 C. Datatypes in XML. W3C Recommendation , 2001. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xmlschema-2\/ (accessed April 2004 ). W3C. Datatypes in XML. W3C Recommendation, 2001. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xmlschema-2\/ (accessed April 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"XML information set","author":"C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"W3 C. XML information set , 2001 . http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xml-infoset\/ (accessed November 2003). W3C. XML information set, 2001. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xml-infoset\/ (accessed November 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"May","author":"C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"W3 C. XML schema -- recommendation , May 2001 . http:\/\/www.w3c.org\/tr\/. W3C. XML schema -- recommendation, May 2001. http:\/\/www.w3c.org\/tr\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"XML path language (XPath) 2.0","author":"C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"W3 C. XML path language (XPath) 2.0 , 2003 . http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xpath20\/ (accessed November 2003). W3C. XML path language (XPath) 2.0, 2003. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xpath20\/ (accessed November 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/777313.777342"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1022494.1022529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1022494.1022529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:30:57Z","timestamp":1750264257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1022494.1022529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1022494.1022529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1022494.1022529","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5948"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5948"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}