{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:37:59Z","timestamp":1775198279061,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The disparity between the code of election law and the code that comprises election equipment reflects inherent problems in the translation of social policies into computer procedures and overseeing processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1022594.1022623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,7]],"date-time":"2004-10-07T17:38:56Z","timestamp":1097170736000},"page":"52-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The code of elections"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Rebecca T.","family":"Mercuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University"}]},{"given":"L. Jean","family":"Camp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Indiana"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Civil Rights Division","author":"Bradshaw S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bradshaw , S. Whether certain direct electronic voting systems comply with the Help America Vote Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Memorandum Opinion for the Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General , Civil Rights Division , October 10, 2003 ; www.usdoj.gov\/olc\/drevotingsystems.htm. Bradshaw, S. Whether certain direct electronic voting systems comply with the Help America Vote Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Memorandum Opinion for the Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division, October 10, 2003; www.usdoj.gov\/olc\/drevotingsystems.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Trust, Reputation, and Security: Theories and Practice","author":"Camp L.J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Camp , L.J. Design for trust . In Trust, Reputation, and Security: Theories and Practice . R. Falcone, Ed., Springer-Verlag , 2003 . Camp, L.J. Design for trust. In Trust, Reputation, and Security: Theories and Practice. R. Falcone, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011427806551"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Inventing American Broadcasting 1899--1922","author":"Douglas S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Douglas , S. Inventing American Broadcasting 1899--1922 . Johns Hopkins University Press , Baltimore, MD , 1997 . Douglas, S. Inventing American Broadcasting 1899--1922. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"CODE and Other Laws of Cyberspace","author":"Lessig L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lessig , L. CODE and Other Laws of Cyberspace . Basic Books , 1999 . Lessig, L. CODE and Other Laws of Cyberspace. Basic Books, 1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2002.1038569"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Electronic voting: Constitutional and legal requirements, and their technical implications","author":"Mitrou L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mitrou , L. , Electronic voting: Constitutional and legal requirements, and their technical implications . In Secure Electronic Voting, Dimitris A. Gritzalis, Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers , 2003 . Mitrou, L., et al. Electronic voting: Constitutional and legal requirements, and their technical implications. In Secure Electronic Voting, Dimitris A. Gritzalis, Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Roth S.K.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roth , S.K. Disenfranchised by design: Voting systems and the election process. Information Design Journal 9 , 1 ( 1998 ); www.decadeofbehavior.org\/policyseminars\/er_roth1998.pdf. Roth, S.K. Disenfranchised by design: Voting systems and the election process. Information Design Journal 9, 1 (1998); www.decadeofbehavior.org\/policyseminars\/er_roth1998.pdf.","journal-title":"Information Design Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"2003 Statewide Special Election","author":"Shelley K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shelley , K. Statement of Vote , 2003 Statewide Special Election , October 7, 2003 . Certified in Sacramento, CA , November 14, 2003; www.ss.ca.gov\/elections\/sov\/2003_special\/contents.htm. Shelley, K. Statement of Vote, 2003 Statewide Special Election, October 7, 2003. Certified in Sacramento, CA, November 14, 2003; www.ss.ca.gov\/elections\/sov\/2003_special\/contents.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Harcourt","author":"Spar D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spar , D. Ruling the Waves: Cycles of Discovery, Chaos, and Wealth, from the Compass to the Internet . Harcourt , 2001 . Spar, D. Ruling the Waves: Cycles of Discovery, Chaos, and Wealth, from the Compass to the Internet. Harcourt, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"No. 03-56498 D.C., No CV-03-05715-SVW","author":"Southwest Voter Registration Education","year":"2003","unstructured":"Southwest Voter Registration Education Project et al. v. Kevin Shelley and Ted Costa , No. 03-56498 D.C., No CV-03-05715-SVW ; Per Curiam Opinion filed September 15, 2003 , and subsequent ruling from rehearing by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit , filed September 23, 2003; www.ca9.uscourts.gov. Southwest Voter Registration Education Project et al. v. Kevin Shelley and Ted Costa, No. 03-56498 D.C., No CV-03-05715-SVW; Per Curiam Opinion filed September 15, 2003, and subsequent ruling from rehearing by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, filed September 23, 2003; www.ca9.uscourts.gov."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Memorandum Opinion in Civil Action No. 03-MS-0040 (JDB)","author":"United States District Court for the District of Columbia.","year":"2003","unstructured":"United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Memorandum Opinion in Civil Action No. 03-MS-0040 (JDB) , Recording Industry Association of America v. Verizon Internet Services, April 24, 2003 . United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Memorandum Opinion in Civil Action No. 03-MS-0040 (JDB), Recording Industry Association of America v. Verizon Internet Services, April 24, 2003."}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1022594.1022623","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1022594.1022623","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T21:41:25Z","timestamp":1750282885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1022594.1022623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1022594.1022623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1022594.1022623","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-0782","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}