{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:58:26Z","timestamp":1750309106523,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,1,1]],"date-time":"1977-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":220924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A major achievement of the standardization process has been the definition of a universal circuit interface (X21 or X21 bis) together with a universal transmission procedure (HDLC). This allows a large degree of compatibility between terminal equipments, regardless of configuration or communication media.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>X25 departs from this approach as it requires specialized DTE's that could no longer operate in conjunction with other simple DTE's using an HDLC interface. DTE's and procedures operating on private or public circuits would not be able to communicate with DTE's operating on public virtual circuits. This situation would be chaotic and detrimental to the user interest.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Simple DTE's with single access have no need for an X25 interface. They can certainly establish a call using the X21 or X21 bis interface, and operate in packet mode with an HDLC procedure. In particular, DTE's operating in half-duplex mode, or in a multipoint configuration, cannot use X25.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>An analysis of X25 shows that its packet level is redundant with other level. Its functions could be performed in taking advantage of the facilities already present in HDLC. On the other hand X25 contains undesirable functions which should be eliminated or made user options, as they are generating incompatibilities.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The proposal described in this paper has major advantages over the present X25 in providing compatibility between \"real\" and \"virtual\" circuits while using a standard HDLC interface for all DTE's.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1024853.1024854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T13:44:32Z","timestamp":1097588672000},"page":"9-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A restructuring of X25 into HDLC"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Louis","family":"Pouzin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche d' Informatique et d'Automatique, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"27","author":"Basic","year":"1974","unstructured":"ISO\/IS 1745 - Basic mode procedures for data communication systems , ( 1974 ), 27 p. ISO\/IS 1745 - Basic mode procedures for data communication systems, (1974), 27 p."},{"volume-title":"6","year":"1976","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"ISO\/IS 3309 - HDLC frame structure ( 1976 ), 6 p. ISO\/IS 3309 - HDLC frame structure (1976), 6 p."},{"volume-title":"32","author":"Sep","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"ISO\/DIS 4335 - HDLC elements of procedures, ( Sep . 1976) , 32 p. ISO\/DIS 4335 - HDLC elements of procedures, (Sep. 1976), 32 p."},{"volume-title":"273","author":"Proposal","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"CCITT\/AP VI-55E- Proposal for new and revised series X recommendations, ( May 1976) , 273 p. CCITT\/AP VI-55E- Proposal for new and revised series X recommendations, (May 1976), 273 p."},{"volume-title":"London meeting, doc. 13","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"ISO\/TC97\/SC6 - HDLC balanced operation, (Nov. 1976) , London meeting, doc. 13 , 7 p. ISO\/TC97\/SC6 - HDLC balanced operation, (Nov. 1976), London meeting, doc. 13, 7 p."},{"volume-title":"Report of the meeting on systems implementation, (May","year":"1975","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"ISO\/TC97\/SC6\/N1104 - Report of the meeting on systems implementation, (May 1975 ), 14 p. ISO\/TC97\/SC6\/N1104 - Report of the meeting on systems implementation, (May 1975), 14 p."},{"volume-title":"7","author":"Proposed","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"ISO\/TC97\/SC6\/N1250 - Proposed additions to DP 4335 (May 1976) , 7 p. ISO\/TC97\/SC6\/N1250 - Proposed additions to DP 4335 (May 1976), 7 p."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1024853.1024854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1024853.1024854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1750286925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1024853.1024854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1024853.1024854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1024853.1024854","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0146-4833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1977-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}