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The most promising architecture for embedded switches is the one that uses multiple input queues, due to its low-cost integration in conventional embedded systems, which include memory management subsystems. Such switches require high-speed schedulers, in order to resolve conflicts among packet destinations and to achieve low latency, high bandwidth communication, while providing fairness guarantees. In general, these schedulers are categorized as centralized or distributed, depending on their operation.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>In this paper, we evaluate hardware and software implementations of two schedulers: 2-dimensional round-robin and FIRM, which are centralized and distributed, respectively. The evaluation is performed for embedded system implementation, on a system that includes an FPGA and an embedded processor on-chip. The performance results show that, in contrast to expectations, centralized schedulers provide better performance than distributed ones in hardware implementations. In software implementations for embedded processors, surprisingly, distributed schedulers achieve better performance, due to better management of the processor's limited resources and simpler code; our experiments have shown that compilers for embedded systems are quite limited and require significant improvement. Finally, we evaluate the scalability of the schedulers, in terms of throughput, circuit complexity, and power consumption, based on implementation technology, considering the dramatic improvements expected in the availability of high-speed programmable logic and embedded processors on the same chip.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1027794.1027798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T08:38:10Z","timestamp":1122971890000},"page":"736-759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of hardware and software schedulers for embedded switches"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios N.","family":"Serpanos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patras, Rion, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poluxeni","family":"Mountrouidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gamvrili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patras, Rion, Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"01","article-title":"FLEX8000 Programmable Logic Device Family. 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