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Great strides were made; there are many commercial tools available, for example to assist with enterprise application integration. It is now recognized that physical and syntactic connectivity is not adequate. A variety of research systems have been developed addressing some of the semantic issues. In this paper, we argue that ontologies in particular and semantics-based technologies in general will play a key role in achieving seamless connectivity. We give a detailed introduction to ontologies, summarize the current state of the art for applying ontologies to achieve semantic connectivity and highlight some key challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1041410.1041420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,9]],"date-time":"2005-11-09T22:23:27Z","timestamp":1131575007000},"page":"58-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":232,"title":["Ontologies and semantics for seamless connectivity"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Uschold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boeing, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gruninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Real World RDF and Semantic Web Applications Workshop held in conjunction with WWW-2002","author":"Barrett","year":"2002","unstructured":"{ Barrett , et al , 2002 } T. Barrett, D. Jones, J. Yuan, J. Sawaya, M. Uschold, T. Adams & D. Folger; RDF Representation of Metadata for Semantic Integration of Corporate Information Resource . In Proceedings of Real World RDF and Semantic Web Applications Workshop held in conjunction with WWW-2002 . {Barrett, et al, 2002} T. Barrett, D. Jones, J. Yuan, J. Sawaya, M. Uschold, T. Adams & D. Folger; RDF Representation of Metadata for Semantic Integration of Corporate Information Resource. In Proceedings of Real World RDF and Semantic Web Applications Workshop held in conjunction with WWW-2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"T., Hendler, J. and Lassila, O. (2001) \"The Semantic Web,\" Scientific American","year":"2001","unstructured":"{Berners-Lee 2001} Berners-Lee , T., Hendler, J. and Lassila, O. (2001) \"The Semantic Web,\" Scientific American , May 2001 . {Berners-Lee et al. 2001} Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J. and Lassila, O. (2001) \"The Semantic Web,\" Scientific American, May 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Bradshaw, J. M., Boy, G., Durfee, E., Gruninger, M., Hexmoor, H., Suri, N., Tambe, M., Uschold, M., & Vitek, J. (Ed.).","year":"2004","unstructured":"{Bradshaw 2004} Semantic Integration . In Bradshaw, J. M., Boy, G., Durfee, E., Gruninger, M., Hexmoor, H., Suri, N., Tambe, M., Uschold, M., & Vitek, J. (Ed.). ( 2004 ). Software Agents for the Warfighter. ITAC Consortium Report . Cambridge, MA : AAAI Press\/The MIT Press ( to appear) {Bradshaw et al 2004} Semantic Integration. In Bradshaw, J. M., Boy, G., Durfee, E., Gruninger, M., Hexmoor, H., Suri, N., Tambe, M., Uschold, M., & Vitek, J. (Ed.). (2004). Software Agents for the Warfighter. ITAC Consortium Report. 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