{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:54:19Z","timestamp":1750308859148,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,7,1]],"date-time":"1981-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":362793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Estimation of software reliability quantities has traditionally been based on stable programs; i.e., programs that are completely integrated and are not undergoing design changes. Also, it is ordinarily assumed that all code is being executed at one time or another and that test or operational results are being completely inspected for failures. This paper describes a method for relaxing the foregoing conditions by adjusting the lengths of the intervals between failures experienced as compensation. The resulting set of failure intervals represents the set that would have occurred for a completely inspected program that was at all times in its final configuration. The failure intervals are then processed as they would be for a stable program. The approach is developed for the execution time theory of software reliability, but the concepts could be applied to many other models as well. Many definitions are given to describe program size variation and associated phenomena. Attention is focused on the special case of sequential integration and pure growth. The adjustment method is described and its benefits in improving the estimation of quantities of interest to the software manager are illustrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1041799.1041801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,17]],"date-time":"2007-01-17T18:32:02Z","timestamp":1169058722000},"page":"16-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Software reliability modeling"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"J. D.","family":"Musa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bell Laboratories, Whippany, N. J."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Iannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bell Laboratories, Whippany, N. J."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tse.1975.6312856"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Software reliability measurement","volume":"1","author":"Musa J. D.","year":"1980","unstructured":"J. D. Musa , \" Software reliability measurement ,\" Journal of Systems and Software; 1 ( 3 ), 1980 , pp. 223 -- 241 . J. D. Musa, \"Software reliability measurement,\" Journal of Systems and Software; 1(3), 1980, pp. 223--241.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software;"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Software reliability research,\" in Statistical Computer Performance Evaluation, W. Freiberger, Ed","author":"Jelinski Z.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Z. Jelinski , P. B. Moranda , \" Software reliability research,\" in Statistical Computer Performance Evaluation, W. Freiberger, Ed ., New York: Academic , 1972 , pp. 465 -- 484 . Z. Jelinski, P. B. Moranda, \"Software reliability research,\" in Statistical Computer Performance Evaluation, W. Freiberger, Ed., New York: Academic, 1972, pp. 465--484.","journal-title":"New York: Academic"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"485","volume-title":"see {3}","author":"Shooman M.","unstructured":"M. Shooman , \" Probabilistic models for software reliability prediction,\" in Statistical Computer Performance Evaluation , see {3} , pp. 485 -- 502 . M. Shooman, \"Probabilistic models for software reliability prediction,\" in Statistical Computer Performance Evaluation, see {3}, pp. 485--502."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Operations Research","author":"Schick G. J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"G. J. Schick , R. W. Wolverton , \" Assessment of software reliability,\" presented at 11th Annual Meeting of German Operations Research Society , Hamburg, Germany, September 6-8, 1972; in Proc. Operations Research , Physica-Verlag , Wurzburg- Wien , 1973 , pp. 395 -- 422 . G. J. Schick, R. W. Wolverton, \"Assessment of software reliability,\" presented at 11th Annual Meeting of German Operations Research Society, Hamburg, Germany, September 6-8, 1972; in Proc. Operations Research, Physica-Verlag, Wurzburg-Wien, 1973, pp. 395--422."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"837","volume-title":"Conf., AFIPS Conf. Proc.","volume":"41","author":"Schneidewind N. F.","unstructured":"N. F. Schneidewind , \"An approach to software reliability prediction and quality control,\" 1972 Fall Joint Comput . Conf., AFIPS Conf. Proc. , Vol. 41 , Montvale, New Jersey : AFIPS Press, pp. 837 -- 847 . N. F. Schneidewind, \"An approach to software reliability prediction and quality control,\" 1972 Fall Joint Comput. Conf., AFIPS Conf. Proc., Vol. 41, Montvale, New Jersey: AFIPS Press, pp. 837--847."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"A Bayesian reliability growth model for computer software","volume":"22","author":"Littlewood B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"B. Littlewood , J. L. Verrall , \" A Bayesian reliability growth model for computer software ,\" Journal Royal Stat. Soc. - Series C , 22 ( 3 ), 1973 , pp. 332 -- 346 . B. Littlewood, J. L. Verrall, \"A Bayesian reliability growth model for computer software,\" Journal Royal Stat. Soc. - Series C, 22(3), 1973, pp. 332--346.","journal-title":"Journal Royal Stat. Soc. - Series C"},{"volume-title":"Bayesian Software Prediction Models","author":"Goel A. L.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"A. L. Goel , K. Okumoto , Bayesian Software Prediction Models , Rome Air Development Center Report RADC-TR- 78-155 (5 volumes). A. L. Goel, K. Okumoto, Bayesian Software Prediction Models, Rome Air Development Center Report RADC-TR-78-155 (5 volumes)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.1979.5220561"},{"volume-title":"Software Reliability Data, report available from Data and Analysis Center for Software","author":"Musa J. D.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"J. D. Musa , Software Reliability Data, report available from Data and Analysis Center for Software , Rome Air Development Center , Rome, New York. J. D. Musa, Software Reliability Data, report available from Data and Analysis Center for Software, Rome Air Development Center, Rome, New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. D. Musa \"The use of software reliability measures in project management \" Proceedings of COMPSAC 78 Chicago Illinois November 13-16 1978 pp. 493--498. J. D. Musa \"The use of software reliability measures in project management \" Proceedings of COMPSAC 78 Chicago Illinois November 13-16 1978 pp. 493--498.","DOI":"10.1109\/CMPSAC.1978.810471"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. D. Musa \"Software reliability measures applied to system engineering \" in 1979 NCC Proceedings New York New York June 4-7 1979 pp. 941--946. J. D. Musa \"Software reliability measures applied to system engineering \" in 1979 NCC Proceedings New York New York June 4-7 1979 pp. 941--946.","DOI":"10.1109\/MARK.1979.8817273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Soft. Eng.","author":"Hamilton Patricia A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Patricia A. Hamilton , John D. Musa , \"Measuring reliability of computation center software,\" in Proc. 3rd . Int. Conf. Soft. Eng. , Atlanta, Georgia , May 10-12, 1978 , pp. 29 -- 36 . Patricia A. Hamilton, John D. Musa, \"Measuring reliability of computation center software,\" in Proc. 3rd. Int. Conf. Soft. Eng., Atlanta, Georgia, May 10-12, 1978, pp. 29--36."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Introduction to the Theory of Statistics","author":"Mood A. M.","year":"1963","unstructured":"A. M. Mood , F. A. Graybill , D. C. Boes , Introduction to the Theory of Statistics , New York : McGraw-Hill , 1963 , p. 202. A. M. Mood, F. A. Graybill, D. C. Boes, Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963, p. 202."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Quantitative Software Models, Kiamesha Lake, N. Y.","author":"Curtis B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"B. Curtis , \"In search of software complexity \", Proc. Workshop Quantitative Software Models, Kiamesha Lake, N. Y. , Oct. 9-11, 1979 , pp. 95 -- 106 . B. Curtis, \"In search of software complexity\", Proc. Workshop Quantitative Software Models, Kiamesha Lake, N. Y., Oct. 9-11, 1979, pp. 95--106."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1978.231481"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Software Phenomenology-Working Papers of the Software Life Cycle Management Workshop, Airlie, Va.","author":"Littlewood B.","year":"1977","unstructured":"B. Littlewood , \" Software reliability measurement : some criticisms and suggestions \", in Software Phenomenology-Working Papers of the Software Life Cycle Management Workshop, Airlie, Va. , Aug. 21-23, 1977 , p. 479 . B. Littlewood, \"Software reliability measurement: some criticisms and suggestions\", in Software Phenomenology-Working Papers of the Software Life Cycle Management Workshop, Airlie, Va., Aug. 21-23, 1977, p. 479."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1041799.1041801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1041799.1041801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T21:14:58Z","timestamp":1750281298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1041799.1041801"}},"subtitle":["accounting for program size variation due to integration or design changes"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1041799.1041801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1041799.1041801","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1981-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}