{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:58:04Z","timestamp":1750309084961,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"63","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,6,1]],"date-time":"1977-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":233971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGART Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding informal descriptions of processes requires access to a body of knowledge about the process domain, and the ability to use that knowledge appropriately. A great deal of effort has been spent in developing methods for organizing and using domain knowledge; relatively little has been done to automate acquisition of such knowledge.Since English process descriptions reflect the underlying structure of the process domain, knowledge about that structure may be inferred from the description itself. A categorization of important structural knowledge classes is presented, and a production system described which interprets English statements on the basis of existing structural context. A sample of the rules from this system is examined. By assuming conditions required in the rule patterns when a linguistic structure is not interpretable, it is possible to infer a great deal of structural knowledge about a process domain. This incremental growth of domain structure presents an alternative to constructing process understanding systems applicable only to very restricted domains, or requiring extensive additions of domain specific knowledge by human experts for each new task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1045343.1045388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,17]],"date-time":"2007-01-17T18:32:02Z","timestamp":1169058722000},"page":"75-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The inference of domain structure from informal process descriptions"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Goldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Science Institute, Marina del Rey, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Balzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Science Institute, Marina del Rey, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Science Institute, Marina del Rey, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-108550-6.50015-X","volume-title":"Representation and Understanding","author":"Abelson R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Abelson , R. Concepts for representing mundane reality in plans . In D. Bobrow and A. Collins (Eds.), Representation and Understanding , New York , Academic Press , 1975 , pp. 273 -- 309 . Abelson, R. Concepts for representing mundane reality in plans. In D. Bobrow and A. Collins (Eds.), Representation and Understanding, New York, Academic Press, 1975, pp. 273--309."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Human use of world knowledge","author":"Balzer R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Balzer , R. Human use of world knowledge . USC\/Information Sciences Institute , RR 73-7, March 1974 . Balzer, R. Human use of world knowledge. USC\/Information Sciences Institute, RR 73-7, March 1974."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA041669","volume-title":"Informality in program specifications","author":"Balzer R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Balzer , R. , Goldman , N. , and Wile , D . Informality in program specifications . USC\/Information Sciences Institute , ISI\/RR-77-59, 1977 . Balzer, R., Goldman, N., and Wile, D. Informality in program specifications. USC\/Information Sciences Institute, ISI\/RR-77-59, 1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Natural language input for a computer problem-solving system","author":"Bobrow D.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bobrow , D. Natural language input for a computer problem-solving system . In M. Minsky (Ed.), Semantic Information Processing, MIT Press , Cambridge, Mass., 1968 . Bobrow, D. Natural language input for a computer problem-solving system. In M. Minsky (Ed.), Semantic Information Processing, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1968."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"An overview of KRL, a knowledge representation language","author":"Bobrow D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bobrow , D. and Winograd , T . An overview of KRL, a knowledge representation language . Xerox Palo Alto Research Center , CSL-76-4, July 1976 . Bobrow, D. and Winograd, T. An overview of KRL, a knowledge representation language. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, CSL-76-4, July 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Verb paradigms for sentence recognition American Journal of Computational Linguistics, 1","author":"Celce-Murcia M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Celce-Murcia , M. Verb paradigms for sentence recognition American Journal of Computational Linguistics, 1 , 1976 . Celce-Murcia, M. Verb paradigms for sentence recognition American Journal of Computational Linguistics, 1, 1976."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","DOI":"10.1145\/356662.356665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"RC","author":"Chodorow M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Chodorow , M. and Miller , L . The interpretation of temporal order in coordinate conjunction. IBM , RC 6199, September 1976 . Chodorow, M. and Miller, L. The interpretation of temporal order in coordinate conjunction. IBM, RC 6199, September 1976."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","DOI":"10.1145\/362384.362685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Conceptual Information Processing","author":"Goldman N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Goldman , N. Conceptual Generation . In R. Schank (Ed.) Conceptual Information Processing , American Elsevier , New York , 1975 . Goldman, N. Conceptual Generation. In R. Schank (Ed.) Conceptual Information Processing, American Elsevier, New York, 1975."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"TR-158","author":"Grossman R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Grossman , R. Some data base applications of constraint expressions. MIT Laboratory for Computer Science , TR-158 , 1976 . Grossman, R. Some data base applications of constraint expressions. MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, TR-158, 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Knowledge and Cognition","author":"Hayes J. R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hayes , J. R. and Simon , H . Understanding written problem instructions . In Gregg (Ed.) Knowledge and Cognition , Lawrence Erlbaum Associates , Potomac Md ., 1974 . Hayes, J. R. and Simon, H. Understanding written problem instructions. In Gregg (Ed.) Knowledge and Cognition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Potomac Md., 1974."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing","author":"Kaplan R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kaplan , R. A general syntactic processor in natural language processing . In R. Rustin (Ed.), Natural Language Processing , Algorithmics Press , New York , 1973 , pp. 193 -- 241 . Kaplan, R. A general syntactic processor in natural language processing. In R. Rustin (Ed.), Natural Language Processing, Algorithmics Press, New York, 1973, pp. 193--241."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Inc.","author":"Myer T.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Myer , T. and Barnaby , J . Tenex Executive Manual. Bolt Beranek and Newman , Inc. , April 1973 . Myer, T. and Barnaby, J. Tenex Executive Manual. Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., April 1973."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Comprehension by computer: analysis of sentences in context","author":"Riesbeck C.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Riesbeck , C. and Schank , R . Comprehension by computer: analysis of sentences in context . Yale University , Dept . of Computer Science, Research Report #78, October 1976 . Riesbeck, C. and Schank, R. Comprehension by computer: analysis of sentences in context. Yale University, Dept. of Computer Science, Research Report #78, October 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"TM-72","author":"Ruth G.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ruth , G. Protosystem 1 : an automatic programming system prototype. MIT Laboratory for Computer Science , TM-72 , 1976 . Ruth, G. Protosystem 1: an automatic programming system prototype. MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, TM-72, 1976."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Scripts, Plans, and Knowledge. Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","volume":"151","author":"Schank R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Schank , R. and Abelson , R . Scripts, Plans, and Knowledge. Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence , MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory , 1975 , 151 -- 157 . Schank, R. and Abelson, R. Scripts, Plans, and Knowledge. Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1975, 151--157.","journal-title":"MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGART Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1045343.1045388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1045343.1045388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T22:43:31Z","timestamp":1750286611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1045343.1045388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,6]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"63","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1045343.1045388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1045343.1045388","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5719"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5719"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1977-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}