{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:41:36Z","timestamp":1750308096604,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article reprises the description of the Berkeley software-only MPEG-1 video decoder originally published in the proceedings of the 1st International ACM Conference on Multimedia in 1993. The software subsequently became widely used in a variety of research systems and commercial products. Its main impact was to provide a platform for experimenting with streaming compressed video and to expose the strengths and weaknesses of software-only video decoding using general purpose computing architectures. This article compares the original performance results with experiments run on a modern processor to demonstrate the gains of processing power in the past ten years relative to this specific application and discusses the history of MPEG-1 video software decoding and the Berkeley MPEG research group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1047936.1047944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T15:53:11Z","timestamp":1122911591000},"page":"110-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The berkeley software MPEG-1 video decoder"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Ketan","family":"Mayer-Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TippingPoint Technologies, Inc., Austin, TX"}]},{"given":"Lawrence A.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Software-only compression, rendering, and playback of digital video. Digi","volume":"7","author":"Bahl P.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bahl , P. , Gauthier , P. , and Ulichney , R. 1995 . Software-only compression, rendering, and playback of digital video. Digi . Tech. J. 7 , 4, 52 -- 75 . Bahl, P., Gauthier, P., and Ulichney, R. 1995. Software-only compression, rendering, and playback of digital video. Digi. Tech. J. 7, 4, 52--75.","journal-title":"Tech. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/76.473548"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Digital Video Compression: Algorithms and Technologies (Bellingham, Wash.)","volume":"2419","author":"Eckert S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eckert , S. 1995 . High performance software MEPG video playback on PCS . In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Digital Video Compression: Algorithms and Technologies (Bellingham, Wash.) , Vol. 2419 . 446--473. Eckert, S. 1995. High performance software MEPG video playback on PCS. In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Digital Video Compression: Algorithms and Technologies (Bellingham, Wash.), Vol. 2419. 446--473."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Foley J. Dam A. V. Feiner S. and Hughes J. 1993. Introduction to Computer Graphics. Addison-Wesley Reading Mass.   Foley J. Dam A. V. Feiner S. and Hughes J. 1993. Introduction to Computer Graphics. Addison-Wesley Reading Mass."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Picture Coding Symposium (PCS'93)","author":"Gong K.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Gong , K. and Rowe , L . 1994. Parallel MPEG-1 video encoding . In Proceedings of the International Picture Coding Symposium (PCS'93) (Sacramento, Calif.). Gong, K. and Rowe, L. 1994. Parallel MPEG-1 video encoding. In Proceedings of the International Picture Coding Symposium (PCS'93) (Sacramento, Calif.)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC 1993. ISO\/IEC 11172-1993: MPEG-1 coding of moving pictures and associated audio at up to about 1.5 Mbits\/second.  ISO\/IEC 1993. ISO\/IEC 11172-1993: MPEG-1 coding of moving pictures and associated audio at up to about 1.5 Mbits\/second."},{"volume-title":"JPEG software","author":"Lane T.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Lane , T. 1992. JPEG software . Independent JPEG Group . http:\/\/www.ijg.org\/. Lane, T. 1992. JPEG software. Independent JPEG Group. http:\/\/www.ijg.org\/."},{"volume-title":"Realtime MPEG video via software decompression on a PA-RISC processor","author":"Lee R. B.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Lee , R. B. 1995. Realtime MPEG video via software decompression on a PA-RISC processor . In Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON. IEEE Computer Society Press , Los Alamitos , Calif., 186--192. Lee, R. B. 1995. Realtime MPEG video via software decompression on a PA-RISC processor. In Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, Calif., 186--192."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking.","volume":"3020","author":"Mayer-Patel K.","unstructured":"Mayer-Patel , K. and Rowe , L . 1997. Design and performance of the berkeley continuous media toolkit . In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking. Vol. 3020 . 194--206. Mayer-Patel, K. and Rowe, L. 1997. Design and performance of the berkeley continuous media toolkit. In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Multimedia Computing and Networking. Vol. 3020. 194--206."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of Data Compression Conference. IEEE Computer Society Press","author":"McMillan L.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"McMillan , L. and Westover , L . 1992. A forward-mapping realization of the inverse discrete cosine transform . In Proceedings of Data Compression Conference. IEEE Computer Society Press , Los Alatimos, CA. McMillan, L. and Westover, L. 1992. A forward-mapping realization of the inverse discrete cosine transform. In Proceedings of Data Compression Conference. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alatimos, CA."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia","author":"Patel K.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Patel , K. , Smith , B. , and Rowe , L . 1993. Performance of a software MPEG video decoder . In Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia ( New York, N.Y.), J. Garcia-Luna and P. Venkatrangan, Eds. ACM, New York, 75--82. 10.1145\/166266.166274 Patel, K., Smith, B., and Rowe, L. 1993. Performance of a software MPEG video decoder. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia (New York, N.Y.), J. Garcia-Luna and P. Venkatrangan, Eds. ACM, New York, 75--82. 10.1145\/166266.166274"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Pennebaker W. and Mitchell J. 1993. JPEG---Sill image data compression standard. Van Nostrand Reinhold New York N.Y.   Pennebaker W. and Mitchell J. 1993. JPEG---Sill image data compression standard. Van Nostrand Reinhold New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Rowe L. A. Smoot S. Patel K. Smith B. Gong K. Hung E. Banks D. Fung S. T.-S. Brown D. and Wallach D. 1995. Berkeley MPEG-1 Video Tools Version 1 Release 2. http:\/\/www.bmrc.berkeley.edu\/mpeg.  Rowe L. A. Smoot S. Patel K. Smith B. Gong K. Hung E. Banks D. Fung S. T.-S. Brown D. and Wallach D. 1995. Berkeley MPEG-1 Video Tools Version 1 Release 2. http:\/\/www.bmrc.berkeley.edu\/mpeg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on High-Speed Networking and Multimedia Computing (Bellingham, Wash.), A. Rodriguez, M.-S. Chen, and J. Maitan, Eds.","volume":"2188","author":"Rowe L.","unstructured":"Rowe , L. , Patel , K. , Smith , B. , and Liu , K . 1994. MPEG video in software: Representation, transmission and playback . In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on High-Speed Networking and Multimedia Computing (Bellingham, Wash.), A. Rodriguez, M.-S. Chen, and J. Maitan, Eds. Vol. 2188 . 134--144. Rowe, L., Patel, K., Smith, B., and Liu, K. 1994. MPEG video in software: Representation, transmission and playback. In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on High-Speed Networking and Multimedia Computing (Bellingham, Wash.), A. Rodriguez, M.-S. Chen, and J. Maitan, Eds. Vol. 2188. 134--144."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowe L.\n     and \n      Smith B\n  . \n  1993\n  . A continuous media player. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV) (La Jolla Calif.). \n  Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  712\n  . New York 376--386.   Rowe L. and Smith B. 1993. A continuous media player. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV) (La Jolla Calif.). Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 712. New York 376--386.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-57183-3_36"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"The design and assessment of a hypermedia course on semiconductor manufacturing","volume":"2","author":"Schank P.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schank , P. and Rowe , L. 1993 . The design and assessment of a hypermedia course on semiconductor manufacturing . J. Educat. Multimed. Hypermed. 2 , 3, 299 -- 320 . Schank, P. and Rowe, L. 1993. The design and assessment of a hypermedia course on semiconductor manufacturing. J. Educat. Multimed. Hypermed. 2, 3, 299--320.","journal-title":"J. Educat. Multimed. Hypermed."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen K. Rowe L. and Delp E. 1995. A parallel implementation of an MPEG-1 encoder: Faster than real time! In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Digital Video Compression: Algorithms and Technologies (Bellingham Wash.). A. Rodriguez R. Safranek and E. J. Delp Eds. Vol. 2419. 407--418.  Shen K. Rowe L. and Delp E. 1995. A parallel implementation of an MPEG-1 encoder: Faster than real time! In Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Digital Video Compression: Algorithms and Technologies (Bellingham Wash.). A. Rodriguez R. Safranek and E. J. Delp Eds. Vol. 2419. 407--418.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.206377"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. ACM","author":"Soderquist P.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Soderquist , P. and Leeser , M . 1997. Optimizing the data cache performance of a software MPEG-2 video decoder . In Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. ACM , New York, 291--301. 10.1145\/266180.266380 Soderquist, P. and Leeser, M. 1997. Optimizing the data cache performance of a software MPEG-2 video decoder. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. ACM, New York, 291--301. 10.1145\/266180.266380"},{"volume-title":"Digital Halftoning","author":"Ulichney R.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Ulichney , R. 1987. Digital Halftoning . MIT Press , Cambridge, Mass . Ulichney, R. 1987. Digital Halftoning. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1047936.1047944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1047936.1047944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:07:58Z","timestamp":1750262878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1047936.1047944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1047936.1047944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1047936.1047944","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-6857"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1551-6865"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}