{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:55:21Z","timestamp":1750308921687,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"79","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1982,1,1]],"date-time":"1982-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":378691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGART Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Transformational Question Answering (TQA) system, formerly known as REQUEST [1,2,3], is an experimental natural English query system that has been under development since the early 1970s. Its syntactic analyzer is based upon transformational grammar [4,5,6,7], and its semantic interpreter makes use of a Knuth attribute grammar [8,9]. The combination of these components provides sufficient generality, convenience, and efficiency to implement a broad range of linguistic models. The particular model which was developed is closest to the generative semantics variety of transformational grammar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1056663.1056703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,17]],"date-time":"2007-01-17T18:32:02Z","timestamp":1169058722000},"page":"62-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transformational question-answering (TQA) system"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"F. J.","family":"Damerau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York"}]},{"given":"S. R.","family":"Petrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pivovonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Plath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.204.0326"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.204.0314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Operating Experience, and Implications\", IBM Research Report RC 8287","author":"Damerau F. J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Damerau , F. J. , \"The Transformational Question Answering (TQA) System : Description , Operating Experience, and Implications\", IBM Research Report RC 8287 , Thomas J. Watson Research Center , Yorktwon Heights, NY , May 1980 , to be published in the Proc. of the 2nd Intl. Conf. on Data Bases in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Damerau, F. J., \"The Transformational Question Answering (TQA) System: Description, Operating Experience, and Implications\", IBM Research Report RC 8287, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktwon Heights, NY, May 1980, to be published in the Proc. of the 2nd Intl. Conf. on Data Bases in the Humanities and Social Sciences."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"IBM Research Report RC 4396","author":"Plath W. J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Plath , W. J. , \"Transformational Grammar and Transformational Parsing in the REQUEST System \" , IBM Research Report RC 4396 , Thomas J. Watson Research Center , Yorktown Heights, NY , 1973 . Plath, W. J., \"Transformational Grammar and Transformational Parsing in the REQUEST System\", IBM Research Report RC 4396, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 1973."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"8","author":"Plath W. J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Plath , W. J. , \"String Transformations in the REQUEST System \", American Journal of Computational Linguistics , Microfiche 8 , 1974 . Plath, W. J., \"String Transformations in the REQUEST System\", American Journal of Computational Linguistics, Microfiche 8, 1974.","journal-title":"Microfiche"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing","author":"Petrick S. R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Petrick , S. R. , \"Transformational Analysis\" , Natural Language Processing (R. Rustin, ed.), Algorithmics Press , 1973 . Petrick, S. R., \"Transformational Analysis\", Natural Language Processing (R. Rustin, ed.), Algorithmics Press, 1973."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Proc. 5th IJCAI","volume":"1","author":"Damerau F. J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Damerau , F. J. , \"Advantages of a Transformational Grammar for Question Answering\" , Proc. 5th IJCAI , Vol. 1 , 1977 , p. 192 . Damerau, F. J., \"Advantages of a Transformational Grammar for Question Answering\", Proc. 5th IJCAI, Vol. 1, 1977, p. 192."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01692511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"585","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27\/VIII-1\/IX","author":"Petrick S. R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Petrick , S. R. , \"Semantic Interpretation in the REQUEST System\", in Computational and Mathematical Linguistics , Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27\/VIII-1\/IX 1973 , pp. 585 -- 610 . Petrick, S. R., \"Semantic Interpretation in the REQUEST System\", in Computational and Mathematical Linguistics, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27\/VIII-1\/IX 1973, pp. 585--610."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/320455.320457"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"3","volume":"75","author":"Damerau F. J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Damerau ; F. J. , \"The Derivation of Answers from Logical Forms in a Question Answering System\", American Journal of Computational Linguistics , Microfiche 75 , 1978 , pp. 3 -- 42 . Damerau; F. J., \"The Derivation of Answers from Logical Forms in a Question Answering System\", American Journal of Computational Linguistics, Microfiche 75, 1978, pp. 3--42.","journal-title":"Microfiche"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/972881.972884"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing","author":"Woods W. A.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Woods , W. A. , \"Transition Network Grammars\" , Natural Language Processing (R. Rustin, ed.), Algorithmics Press , 1973 . Woods, W. A., \"Transition Network Grammars\", Natural Language Processing (R. Rustin, ed.), Algorithmics Press, 1973."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/972439.972440"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"NPRDC TR 79--7","author":"Hershman R. L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hershman , R. L. , Kelley, R. T. , and Miller , H. C. , \" User Performance with a Natural Language Query System for Command Control \", NPRDC TR 79--7 , Navy Personnel Research and Development Center , San Diego , Cal. 95152, January 1979 . Hershman, R. L., Kelley, R. T., and Miller, H. C., \"User Performance with a Natural Language Query System for Command Control\", NPRDC TR 79--7, Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, San Diego, Cal. 95152, January 1979."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/981923.981934"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGART Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1056663.1056703","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1056663.1056703","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T21:36:39Z","timestamp":1750282599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1056663.1056703"}},"subtitle":["IBM, Yorktown Heights"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"79","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1056663.1056703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1056663.1056703","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5719"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5719"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1982-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}