{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:42:45Z","timestamp":1750308165411,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Storage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Making high-bandwidth Internet access pervasively available to a large worldwide audience is a difficult challenge, especially in many developing regions. As we wait for the uncertain takeoff of technologies that promise to improve the situation, we propose to explore an approach that is potentially more easily realizable: the use of digital storage media transported by the postal system as a general digital communication mechanism. We shall call such a system a\n            <jats:italic>Postmanet<\/jats:italic>\n            . Compared to more conventional wide-area connectivity options, the Postmanet has several important advantages, including wide global reach, great bandwidth potential, low cost, and ease of incremental adoption. While the idea of sending digital content via the postal system is not a new one, none of the existing attempts have turned the postal system into a\n            <jats:italic>generic<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>transparent<\/jats:italic>\n            communication channel that not only can cater to a wide array of applications, but also effectively manage the many idiosyncrasies associated with using the postal system. In the proposed Postmanet, we see two recurring themes at many different levels of the system. One is the simultaneous exploitation of the Internet and the postal system so we can combine their latency and bandwidth advantages. The other is the exploitation of the abundant capacity and bandwidth of the Postmanet to improve its latency, cost, and reliability.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1063786.1063791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T15:52:42Z","timestamp":1122911562000},"page":"246-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bridging the digital divide: storage media + postal network = generic high-bandwidth communication"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumeet","family":"Sobti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junwen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengzhou","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randolph Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"\u2018Trusted computing","author":"Anderson R.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Anderson , R. 2003. \u2018Trusted computing \u2019 frequently asked questions. 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A combinatorial problem. In Proc. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akad. Wetenschappen 49, 758--764.","journal-title":"Proc. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akad. Wetenschappen"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1985.1676633"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/863955.863960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/864056.864078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Hasson A. A. Fletcher R. and Pentland A. 2003. DakNet: A road to universal broadband connectivity. Web site: http:\/\/courses.media.mit.edu\/2003fall\/de\/DakNet-Case.pdf.  Hasson A. A. Fletcher R. and Pentland A. 2003. DakNet: A road to universal broadband connectivity. Web site: http:\/\/courses.media.mit.edu\/2003fall\/de\/DakNet-Case.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/224056.224069"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/605397.605408"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems.","author":"Kaashoek M. F.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Kaashoek , M. F. and Karger , D. R . 2003. Koorde: A simple degree-optimal distributed hash table . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems. Kaashoek, M. F. and Karger, D. R. 2003. Koorde: A simple degree-optimal distributed hash table. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education (June).","author":"Lai J.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Lai , J. , Ziskind , E. , Zheng , F. , Shao , Y. , Zhang , C. , Zhang , M. , Garg , N. , Sobti , S. , Wang , R. , and Krishnamurthy , A . 2004. Distance learning technologies for basic education in disadvantaged areas . In Proceedings of the Eighth Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education (June). Lai, J., Ziskind, E., Zheng, F., Shao, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, M., Garg, N., Sobti, S., Wang, R., and Krishnamurthy, A. 2004. Distance learning technologies for basic education in disadvantaged areas. In Proceedings of the Eighth Global Chinese Conference on Computers in Education (June)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Postman. 2004. The Postman Always Rings Twice. Web site: http:\/\/www.cs.princeton.edu\/~rywang\/distance.  Postman. 2004. The Postman Always Rings Twice. Web site: http:\/\/www.cs.princeton.edu\/~rywang\/distance."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/121132.121137"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/12.21149"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE SNPA Workshop (May).","author":"Shah R.","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Shah , R. , Roy , S. , Jain , S. , and Brunette , W . 2003. Data mules: Modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks . In Proceedings of the IEEE SNPA Workshop (May). Shah, R., Roy, S., Jain, S., and Brunette, W. 2003. Data mules: Modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE SNPA Workshop (May)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings INFOCOMM. 1001--1011","author":"Sivarajan K.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Sivarajan , K. and Ramaswami , R . 1992. Multihop lightwave networks based on de Bruijn graphs . In Proceedings INFOCOMM. 1001--1011 . Sivarajan, K. and Ramaswami, R. 1992. Multihop lightwave networks based on de Bruijn graphs. In Proceedings INFOCOMM. 1001--1011."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the First Conference on File and Storage Technologies (Jan.).","author":"Sobti S.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Sobti , S. , Garg , N. , Zhang , C. , Yu , X. , Krishnamurthy , A. , and Wang , R. Y . 2002. PersonalRAID: Mobile storage for distributed and disconnected computers . In Proceedings of the First Conference on File and Storage Technologies (Jan.). Sobti, S., Garg, N., Zhang, C., Yu, X., Krishnamurthy, A., and Wang, R. Y. 2002. PersonalRAID: Mobile storage for distributed and disconnected computers. In Proceedings of the First Conference on File and Storage Technologies (Jan.)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Wang R. Li K. Martonosi M. and Krishnamurthy A. 2003. Distance learning technologies for basic education in disadvantaged areas. Tech. rep. TR-685-03. Computer Science Department Princeton University Princeton NJ.  Wang R. Li K. Martonosi M. and Krishnamurthy A. 2003. Distance learning technologies for basic education in disadvantaged areas. Tech. rep. TR-685-03. Computer Science Department Princeton University Princeton NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015467.1015485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Postmanet: Turning the postal system into a generic digital communication mechanism. Tech. rep. TR-691-04. Computer Science Department","author":"Wang R. Y.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang , R. Y. , Garg , N. , Sobti , S. , Lai , J. , Ziskind , E. , Zheng , F. , Nakao , A. , and Krishnamurthy , A . 2004 b. Postmanet: Turning the postal system into a generic digital communication mechanism. Tech. rep. TR-691-04. Computer Science Department , Princeton University , Princeton, NJ . Wang, R. Y., Garg, N., Sobti, S., Lai, J., Ziskind, E., Zheng, F., Nakao, A., and Krishnamurthy, A. 2004b. Postmanet: Turning the postal system into a generic digital communication mechanism. Tech. rep. TR-691-04. Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Storage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1063786.1063791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1063786.1063791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:19:11Z","timestamp":1750263551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1063786.1063791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1063786.1063791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1063786.1063791","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1553-3077"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1553-3093"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}