{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:06:52Z","timestamp":1760954812748},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Illustrating motion in still imagery for the purpose of summary, abstraction and motion description is important for a diverse spectrum of fields, ranging from arts to sciences. In this paper, we introduce a method that produces an action synopsis for presenting motion in still images. The method carefully selects key poses based on an analysis of a skeletal animation sequence, to facilitate expressing complex motions in a single image or a small number of concise views. Our approach is to embed the high-dimensional motion curve in a low-dimensional Euclidean space, where the main characteristics of the skeletal action are kept. The lower complexity of the embedded motion curve allows a simple iterative method which analyzes the curve and locates significant points, associated with the key poses of the original motion. We present methods for illustrating the selected poses in an image as a means to convey the action. We applied our methods to a variety of motions of human actions given either as 3D animation sequences or as video clips, and generated images that depict their synopsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,7]],"date-time":"2005-11-07T16:00:45Z","timestamp":1131379245000},"page":"667-676","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Action synopsis"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jackie","family":"Assa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaron","family":"Caspi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cohen-Or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015718"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/S1110865704309236"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Picturing Time. U. of Chicago","author":"Braun M.","unstructured":"Braun , M. 1992. Picturing Time. U. of Chicago , Reading, MA . Braun, M. 1992. Picturing Time. U. of Chicago, Reading, MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE Computer Society","author":"Campbell L. W.","unstructured":"Campbell , L. W. , and Bobick , A. F . 1995. Recognition of human body motion using phase space constraints . In International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE Computer Society , Washington, DC, USA, 624--630. Campbell, L. W., and Bobick, A. F. 1995. Recognition of human body motion using phase space constraints. In International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 624--630."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478639"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing.","author":"Cooper M.","unstructured":"Cooper , M. , and Foote , J . 2002. Summarizing video using non-negative similarity matrix factorization . In IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing. Cooper, M., and Foote, J. 2002. Summarizing video using non-negative similarity matrix factorization. In IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p3318"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/290747.290773"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"6th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 624--630","author":"Elgammal A.","unstructured":"Elgammal , A. , and Lee , C . 2004. Gait style and gait content: Bilinear model for gait recognition using gait re-sampling . In 6th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 624--630 . Elgammal, A., and Lee, C. 2004. Gait style and gait content: Bilinear model for gait recognition using gait re-sampling. In 6th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 624--630."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27814-6_50"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8493(02)00285-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015755"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","first-page":"905","article-title":"Video indexing based on mosaic representations","volume":"86","author":"Irani M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Irani , M. , and Anandan , P. 1998 . Video indexing based on mosaic representations . IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 86 , 5, 905 -- 921 . Irani, M., and Anandan, P. 1998. Video indexing based on mosaic representations. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 86, 5, 905--921.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Stopping Time: The Photographs of Harold Edgerton. Harry N Abrams","author":"Kayafas G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kayafas , G. , and Jussim , E . 2000 . Stopping Time: The Photographs of Harold Edgerton. Harry N Abrams , New York, NY . Kayafas, G., and Jussim, E. 2000. Stopping Time: The Photographs of Harold Edgerton. Harry N Abrams, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","first-page":"081","article-title":"Keyframes extraction method for motion capture data","volume":"08","author":"Kondo K.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kondo , K. , and Matsuda , K. 2004 . Keyframes extraction method for motion capture data . Journal for Geometry and Graphics 08 , 081 -- 090 . Kondo, K., and Matsuda, K. 2004. Keyframes extraction method for motion capture data. Journal for Geometry and Graphics 08, 081--090.","journal-title":"Journal for Geometry and Graphics"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015760"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566605"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289565"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566607"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"2","author":"Lim I. S.","unstructured":"Lim , I. S. , and Thalmann , D . 2001. Key-posture extraction out of human motion data by curve simplification . In 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society , vol. 2 , 1167 -- 1169. Lim, I. S., and Thalmann, D. 2001. Key-posture extraction out of human motion data by curve simplification. In 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, vol. 2, 1167 -- 1169."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2003.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Workshop on Higher-Level Knowledge in 3D Modeling & Motion Analysis, 66--72","author":"Loy G.","unstructured":"Loy , G. , Sullivan , J. , and Carlsson , S . 2003. Pose-based clustering in action sequences . In Workshop on Higher-Level Knowledge in 3D Modeling & Motion Analysis, 66--72 . Loy, G., Sullivan, J., and Carlsson, S. 2003. Pose-based clustering in action sequences. In Workshop on Higher-Level Knowledge in 3D Modeling & Motion Analysis, 66--72."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.353.0557"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0302_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.v15:3\/4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-664X(72)80017-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015754"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289630"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258861"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02288916"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC","volume":"1","author":"Vermaak J.","unstructured":"Vermaak , J. , Pirez , P. , Gangnet , M. , and Blake , A . 2002. Rapid summarisation and browsing of video sequences . In British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC , vol. 1 . Vermaak, J., Pirez, P., Gangnet, M., and Blake, A. 2002. Rapid summarisation and browsing of video sequences. In British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC, vol. 1."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"SCA '03: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symposium on Computer animation, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville","author":"Wang J.","unstructured":"Wang , J. , and Bodenheimer , B . 2003. An evaluation of a cost metric for selecting transitions between motion segments . In SCA '03: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symposium on Computer animation, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville , Switzerland, Switzerland, 232--238. Wang, J., and Bodenheimer, B. 2003. An evaluation of a cost metric for selecting transitions between motion segments. In SCA '03: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symposium on Computer animation, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, 232--238."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","series-title":"The Art of Computer Programming","volume-title":"Perception and Pictorial Representation","author":"Ward J. L.","unstructured":"Ward , J. L. 1979. Perception and Pictorial Representation , vol. 1 of The Art of Computer Programming . Praeger , New York , ch. A piece of the action: Moving figures in still pictures, 246--271. Ward, J. L. 1979. Perception and Pictorial Representation, vol. 1 of The Art of Computer Programming. Praeger, New York, ch. A piece of the action: Moving figures in still pictures, 246--271."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young G. and Householder A. S. 1941. A note on multidimensional psycho-physical analysis. Psychometrika 331--333.  Young G. and Householder A. S. 1941. A note on multidimensional psycho-physical analysis. Psychometrika 331--333.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02288589"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 123--130","author":"Zelnik-Manor L.","unstructured":"Zelnik-Manor , L. , and Irani , M . 2001. Event-based analysis of video . In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 123--130 . Zelnik-Manor, L., and Irani, M. 2001. Event-based analysis of video. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 123--130."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1073204.1073246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T14:01:42Z","timestamp":1693836102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1073204.1073246"}},"subtitle":["pose selection and illustration"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1073204.1073246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1073204.1073246","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}