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More importantly, this description is compact and can be loaded into graphics hardware for fast run-time shading calculations, which are essential for achieving high frame rates. For lighting computation, we present an algorithm that extends the Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) approach to all-frequency lighting for leaves. In particular, we handle the combined illumination effects due to low-frequency environment light and high-frequency sunlight. This is done by decomposing the local incident radiance of sunlight into direct and indirect components. The direct component, which contains most of the high frequencies, is not pre-computed with spherical harmonics as in PRT; instead it is evaluated on-the-fly using pre-computed light-visibility convolution data. We demonstrate our framework by the rendering of a variety of leaves and assemblies thereof.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,7]],"date-time":"2005-11-07T16:00:45Z","timestamp":1131379245000},"page":"712-719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Real-time rendering of plant leaves"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}]},{"given":"Wenle","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Dorsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Univrsity"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University"}]},{"given":"Baining","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}]},{"given":"Heung-Yeung","family":"Shum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344814"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882300"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.00150"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003710100126"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Light Interaction with Plants. 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