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The technique is completely image-based, requiring no knowledge of scene geometry or surface properties, and by its nature automatically includes all transport paths, including shadows, inter-reflections and caustics. In its simplest form, the technique can be used to take photographs without a camera; we demonstrate this by capturing a photograph using a projector and a photo-resistor. If the photo-resistor is replaced by a camera, we can produce a 4D dataset that allows for relighting with 2D incident illumination. Using an array of cameras we can produce a 6D slice of the 8D reflectance field that allows for relighting with arbitrary light fields. Since an array of cameras can operate in parallel without interference, whereas an array of light sources cannot, dual photography is fundamentally a more efficient way to capture such a 6D dataset than a system based on multiple projectors and one camera. As an example, we show how dual photography can be used to capture and relight scenes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,7]],"date-time":"2005-11-07T16:00:45Z","timestamp":1131379245000},"page":"745-755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Dual photography"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Marschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Levoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik P. A.","family":"Lensch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258884"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344855"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015807"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237200"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237199"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015806"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1201775.882315"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566570.566599"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Acquisition and Rendering of Transparent and Refractive Objects. 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Tu, P., Mendonca, P., Ross, J., and Miller, J. 2003. Surface Registration with a Helmholtz Reciprocity Image Pair. In IEEE Workshop on Color and Photometric Methods in Computer Vision."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Treatise on Physiological Optics","author":"Von Helmholtz H.","year":"1925","unstructured":"Von Helmholtz , H. 1856. Treatise on Physiological Optics ( 1925 ). The Optical Society of America. Electronic edition (2001): University of Pennsylvania http:\/\/psych.upenn.edu\/backuslab\/helmholtz. Von Helmholtz, H. 1856. Treatise on Physiological Optics (1925). The Optical Society of America. 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