{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T01:03:32Z","timestamp":1774400612352,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":24,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]],"date-time":"2005-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1124064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1076034.1076121","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,7]],"date-time":"2005-11-07T17:34:39Z","timestamp":1131384879000},"page":"512-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Learning to estimate query difficulty"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Elad","family":"Yom-Tov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Haifa Research Labs, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shai","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Haifa Research Labs, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Carmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Haifa Research Labs, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Darlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Haifa Research Labs, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24752-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Classification and regression trees","author":"Breiman L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"L. Breiman , J. H. Friedman , R. A. Olshen , and C. J. Stone . Classification and regression trees . Chapman and Hall , 1993 . L. Breiman, J. H. Friedman, R. A. Olshen, and C. J. Stone. Classification and regression trees. Chapman and Hall, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1008992.1009132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/215206.215328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/564376.564427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1960","unstructured":"J. Cohen . A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales . Educational and Psychological Measurement , pages 37 -- 46 , 1960 . J. Cohen. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, pages 37--46, 1960."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/564376.564429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1008992.1008998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Pattern classification","author":"Duda R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"R. Duda , P. Hart , and D. Stork . Pattern classification . John Wiley and Sons, Inc , New- York, USA , 2001 . R. Duda, P. Hart, and D. Stork. Pattern classification. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New-York, USA, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1008992.1009104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"11th International Conference, SPIRE 2004","volume":"3246","author":"He B.","year":"2004","unstructured":"B. He and I. Ounis . Inferring query performance using pre-retrieval predictors. In A. Apostolico and M. Melucci, editors, String Processing and Information Retrieval , 11th International Conference, SPIRE 2004 , volume 3246 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science , 2004 . B. He and I. Ounis. Inferring query performance using pre-retrieval predictors. In A. Apostolico and M. Melucci, editors, String Processing and Information Retrieval, 11th International Conference, SPIRE 2004, volume 3246 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775047.775067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"TREC 2004 Robust Track Experiments using PIRCS. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004)","author":"Kwok K.","year":"2004","unstructured":"K. Kwok , L. Grunfeld , H. Sun , P. Deng , and N. Dinstl . TREC 2004 Robust Track Experiments using PIRCS. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004) , 2004 . K. Kwok, L. Grunfeld, H. Sun, P. Deng, and N. Dinstl. TREC 2004 Robust Track Experiments using PIRCS. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004), 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004)","author":"Piatko C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"C. Piatko , J. Mayfield , P. McNamee , and S. Cost . JHU\/APL at TREC 2004: Robust and Terabyte Tracks . In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004) , 2004 . C. Piatko, J. Mayfield, P. McNamee, and S. Cost. JHU\/APL at TREC 2004: Robust and Terabyte Tracks. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004), 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Leaning with kernels: Support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond","author":"Scholkopf B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"B. Scholkopf and A. Smola . Leaning with kernels: Support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond . MIT Press , Cambridge, MA, USA , 2002 . B. Scholkopf and A. Smola. Leaning with kernels: Support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Computer manual to accompany pattern classification","author":"Stork D.","year":"2004","unstructured":"D. Stork and E. Yom-Tov . Computer manual to accompany pattern classification . John Wiley and Sons, Inc , New- York, USA , 2004 . D. Stork and E. Yom-Tov. Computer manual to accompany pattern classification. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New-York, USA, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Hu. Part-of-Speech Sense Matrix Model Experiments in the TREC 2004 Robust Track at ICL, PKU. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004)","author":"Swen B.","year":"2004","unstructured":"B. Swen , X.-Q. Lu , H.-Y. Zan , Q. Su , Z.-G. Lai , K. Xiang , and J.- H. Hu. Part-of-Speech Sense Matrix Model Experiments in the TREC 2004 Robust Track at ICL, PKU. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004) , 2004 . B. Swen, X.-Q. Lu, H.-Y. Zan, Q. Su, Z.-G. Lai, K. Xiang, and J.-H. Hu. Part-of-Speech Sense Matrix Model Experiments in the TREC 2004 Robust Track at ICL, PKU. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004), 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"TREC 2004. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004)","author":"Tomlinson S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Tomlinson . Robust, Web and Terabyte Retrieval with Hummingbird SearchServer at TREC 2004. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004) , 2004 . S. Tomlinson. Robust, Web and Terabyte Retrieval with Hummingbird SearchServer at TREC 2004. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004), 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Oxford dictionary of statistics","author":"Upton G.","year":"2002","unstructured":"G. Upton and I. Cook . Oxford dictionary of statistics . Oxford university press , Oxford, UK , 2002 . G. Upton and I. Cook. Oxford dictionary of statistics. Oxford university press, Oxford, UK, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004)","author":"Vassilis~Plachouras B. H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"B. H. Vassilis~Plachouras and I. Ounis . University of Glasgow at TREC 2004: Experiments in Web, Robust and Terabyte tracks with Terrier . In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004) , 2004 . B. H. Vassilis~Plachouras and I. Ounis. University of Glasgow at TREC 2004: Experiments in Web, Robust and Terabyte tracks with Terrier. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004), 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-13)","author":"Voorhees E. M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"E. M. Voorhees . Overview of the TREC 2004 Robust Retrieval Track . In Proceedings of the 13th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-13) . National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 2004 . E. M. Voorhees. Overview of the TREC 2004 Robust Retrieval Track. In Proceedings of the 13th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-13). National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/312624.312687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004)","author":"Yom-Tov E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"E. Yom-Tov , S. Fine , D. Carmel , A. Darlow , and E. Amitay . Juru at TREC 2004: Experiments with Prediction of Query Difficulty . In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004) , 2004 . E. Yom-Tov, S. Fine, D. Carmel, A. Darlow, and E. Amitay. Juru at TREC 2004: Experiments with Prediction of Query Difficulty. In Proceedings of the 13th Text REtrieval Conference (TREC2004), 2004."}],"event":{"name":"SIGIR05: The 28th ACM\/SIGIR International Symposium on Information Retrieval 2005","location":"Salvador Brazil","acronym":"SIGIR05","sponsor":["SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1076034.1076121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1076034.1076121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:08:17Z","timestamp":1750262897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1076034.1076121"}},"subtitle":["including applications to missing content detection and distributed information retrieval"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1076034.1076121","10.1145\/1076034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1076034.1076121","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-08-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}