{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T02:02:57Z","timestamp":1760061777266,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are indications of late that the use of anti-spyware software is on the rise, with more than 100 million Internet users downloading Lavasoft's free anti-spyware software [2]. Some big-name companies are also beginning to address the spyware issue, including Microsoft, which currently has a beta version of its own anti-spyware available to Microsoft Windows users for download. However, a Gartner survey finds only 10% of respondents were taking sufficiently aggressive steps to minimize spyware infestations [5] and a Forrester survey found that even though 55% of consumers knew what spyware was, only 40% were running anti-spyware programs routinely [7].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1076211.1076247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,3]],"date-time":"2005-08-03T08:30:55Z","timestamp":1123057855000},"page":"96-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Spyware"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Poston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Memphis, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Memphis, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hennington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Memphis, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"America Online\/National Cyber Security Alliance. AOL\/NCSA online safety study. (Oct. 2004); www.staysafeonline.info\/news\/safety_study_v04.pdf (accessed Apr. 13 2005).  America Online\/National Cyber Security Alliance. AOL\/NCSA online safety study. (Oct. 2004); www.staysafeonline.info\/news\/safety_study_v04.pdf (accessed Apr. 13 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Spyware vs. anti-spyware","volume":"1","author":"Beith M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beith , M . Spyware vs. anti-spyware . Newsweek 1 ( Jan. 2005 ), 30 . Beith, M. Spyware vs. anti-spyware. Newsweek 1 (Jan. 2005), 30.","journal-title":"Newsweek"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Most dangerous types of spyware increasing, states SpyAudit survey. (Feb. 2","author":"Earthlink","year":"2005","unstructured":"Earthlink . Most dangerous types of spyware increasing, states SpyAudit survey. (Feb. 2 , 2005 ); www.earthlink.net\/spyaudit\/press\/ (accessed Apr. 6, 2005). Earthlink. Most dangerous types of spyware increasing, states SpyAudit survey. (Feb. 2, 2005); www.earthlink.net\/spyaudit\/press\/ (accessed Apr. 6, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","series-title":"Oct. 2004","volume-title":"Complaint for injunction and other equitable relief.","author":"Federal Trade Commission","unstructured":"Federal Trade Commission . Complaint for injunction and other equitable relief. ( Oct. 2004 ); www.ftc.gov\/os\/caselist\/0423142\/041012comp0423142.pdf. Federal Trade Commission. Complaint for injunction and other equitable relief. (Oct. 2004); www.ftc.gov\/os\/caselist\/0423142\/041012comp0423142.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"A field guide to spyware variations. Gartner Research (July 9","author":"Girard J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Girard , J. A field guide to spyware variations. Gartner Research (July 9 , 2004 ), ID # TU- 23-1453; www.gartner.com (accessed Apr. 6, 2005). Girard, J. A field guide to spyware variations. Gartner Research (July 9, 2004), ID # TU-23-1453; www.gartner.com (accessed Apr. 6, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"Gartner Research (July 27, 2004","author":"Leong L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leong , L. and Schroder , N . Stand-alone spyware blockers won't become separate market . Gartner Research (July 27, 2004 ), ID # DF-27-3133; www.gartner.com (accessed Apr. 13, 2005 ). Leong, L. and Schroder, N. Stand-alone spyware blockers won't become separate market. Gartner Research (July 27, 2004), ID # DF-27-3133; www.gartner.com (accessed Apr. 13, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Forrester Research, (Apr. 1","author":"Lopez M.D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lopez , M.D. and Charron , C . Spyware threat goes unchecked . Forrester Research, (Apr. 1 , 2005); www.forrester.com\/Research\/Document\/Excerpt\/0,7211,36641,00.html (accessed Apr. 6, 2005 ). Lopez, M.D. and Charron, C. Spyware threat goes unchecked. Forrester Research, (Apr. 1, 2005); www.forrester.com\/Research\/Document\/Excerpt\/0,7211,36641,00.html (accessed Apr. 6, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Spyware: The ghost in the machine","volume":"14","author":"Stafford T.F.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stafford , T.F. and Urbaczewski , A . Spyware: The ghost in the machine . Commun. AIS 14 , ( 2004 ), 291 -- 306 . Stafford, T.F. and Urbaczewski, A. Spyware: The ghost in the machine. Commun. AIS 14, (2004), 291--306.","journal-title":"Commun. AIS"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Adware\/spyware: An update regarding pending litigation and legislation","volume":"16","author":"Urbach R.R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Urbach , R.R. and Kibel , G.A . Adware\/spyware: An update regarding pending litigation and legislation . Intellectual Property & Technology Law J. 16 , 7 ( 2004 ), 12--16. Urbach, R.R. and Kibel, G.A. Adware\/spyware: An update regarding pending litigation and legislation. Intellectual Property & Technology Law J. 16, 7 (2004), 12--16.","journal-title":"Intellectual Property & Technology Law J."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Should adware and spyware prompt Congressional action?","volume":"7","author":"Volkmer C.J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Volkmer , C.J . Should adware and spyware prompt Congressional action? J. of Internet Law 7 , 11 ( 2004 ), 1--8. Volkmer, C.J. Should adware and spyware prompt Congressional action? 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