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In this paper, we propose a general programming model called\n            <jats:italic>transparent shaping<\/jats:italic>\n            to enable dynamic adaptation in existing programs. We describe an approach to implementing transparent shaping that combines four key software development techniques: aspect-oriented programming to realize separation of concerns at development time, behavioral reflection to support software reconfiguration at run time, component-based design to facilitate independent development and deployment of adaptive code, and adaptive middleware to encapsulate the adaptive functionality. After presenting the general model, we discuss two specific realizations of transparent shaping that we have developed and used to create adaptable applications from existing programs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1082983.1083086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,7]],"date-time":"2005-11-07T19:28:32Z","timestamp":1131391712000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transparent shaping of existing software to support pervasive and autonomic computing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"S. Masoud","family":"Sadjadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida International University, Miami, Florida"}]},{"given":"Philip K.","family":"McKinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}]},{"given":"Betty H. 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