{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:52:35Z","timestamp":1761058355425,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":24,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,21]],"date-time":"2005-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1127260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1085313.1085324","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,7]],"date-time":"2005-11-07T17:34:39Z","timestamp":1131384879000},"page":"34-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A general approach to ethnographic analysis for systems design"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Rahat","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gatward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IDAACS.2005.283062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/143457.143470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192844.193065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/263552.263598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Communications of the Association of Information Systems","author":"Myers M. D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Myers , M. D. ( 1999 ): ' Investigating Information Systems with Ethnographic Research ', Communications of the Association of Information Systems vol. 2 no. 23.]] Myers, M. D. (1999): 'Investigating Information Systems with Ethnographic Research', Communications of the Association of Information Systems vol. 2 no. 23.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"K. Kuutti, E. Karsten, G. Fitzpatrick, P. Dourish and K. Schmidt (eds.): European Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Proceedings of ECSCW'03), Helsinki, Finland","author":"Crabtree A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Crabtree , A. , Hemmings , T. , Rodden , T. and Mariani , J. , ( 2003 ): ' Informing the Development of Calendar System for Domestic Use ', in K. Kuutti, E. Karsten, G. Fitzpatrick, P. Dourish and K. Schmidt (eds.): European Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Proceedings of ECSCW'03), Helsinki, Finland , Kluwer Academic Publisher :, pp. 119 -- 138 .]] Crabtree, A., Hemmings, T., Rodden, T. and Mariani, J., (2003): 'Informing the Development of Calendar System for Domestic Use', in K. Kuutti, E. Karsten, G. Fitzpatrick, P. Dourish and K. Schmidt (eds.): European Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Proceedings of ECSCW'03), Helsinki, Finland, Kluwer Academic Publisher:, pp. 119--38.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"K., Kuutti, E., Karsten, G., Fitzpatrick, P., Dourish and K. Schmidt (eds.): European Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Proceedings of ECSCW'03), Helsinki, Finland","author":"Clarke K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Clarke , K. , Hughes , J. , Dave , M. , Rouncefield , M. , Sommerville , I. , Gur , C. , Hartswood , M. , Proctor , R. , Slack , R. and Voss , A . ( 2003 ): ' Dependable Red Hot Action ', in K., Kuutti, E., Karsten, G., Fitzpatrick, P., Dourish and K. Schmidt (eds.): European Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Proceedings of ECSCW'03), Helsinki, Finland , Kluwer Academic Publisher :, pp. 61 -- 80 .]] Clarke, K., Hughes, J., Dave, M., Rouncefield, M., Sommerville, I., Gur, C., Hartswood, M., Proctor, R., Slack, R. and Voss, A. (2003): 'Dependable Red Hot Action', in K., Kuutti, E., Karsten, G., Fitzpatrick, P., Dourish and K. Schmidt (eds.): European Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Proceedings of ECSCW'03), Helsinki, Finland, Kluwer Academic Publisher:, pp. 61--80.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/329693.329698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192844.193064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/205350.205358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/143457.143469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of RE 93: International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, Jan 4-6, San Diego: IEEE.]]","author":"Goguen J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Goguen , J. and C. Linde ( 1993 ), Techniques for requirements elicitation , in Proceedings of RE 93: International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, Jan 4-6, San Diego: IEEE.]] Goguen, J. and C. Linde (1993), Techniques for requirements elicitation, in Proceedings of RE 93: International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, Jan 4-6, San Diego: IEEE.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/175222.175230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics","author":"Iqbal R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iqbal , R. , James , A. , Gatward , R. , ( 2004 ): \" Designing with Ethnography: An Integrative Approach to CSCW Design \", Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics , Elsevier ( in press).]] Iqbal, R., James, A., Gatward, R., (2004): \"Designing with Ethnography: An Integrative Approach to CSCW Design\", Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics, Elsevier (in press).]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Proceedings of Human Computer Interaction (HCI-2004)","author":"Iqbal R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iqbal , R. , James , A. , ( 2004 ): \" Towards the Development of CSCW: An Ethnographic Approach \", in Sally Fincher, Panos Markopoulos, David Moore, and Roy Ruddle (eds.), Proceedings of Human Computer Interaction (HCI-2004) , Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Springer Verlag , pp. 19 -- 34 , ISBN: 1-85233-900-4.]] Iqbal, R., James, A., (2004): \"Towards the Development of CSCW: An Ethnographic Approach\", in Sally Fincher, Panos Markopoulos, David Moore, and Roy Ruddle (eds.), Proceedings of Human Computer Interaction (HCI-2004), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag , pp. 19--34, ISBN: 1-85233-900-4.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Los Alamitos, Calif","author":"Sommerville I.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sommerville , I. , Rodden , T. , Sawyer , P. , Bentley , R. , Twidale , M. , ( 1993 ): ' Integrating Ethnography into the Requirements Engineering Process', in (eds.): (Proceedings of RE'93) , Los Alamitos, Calif , IEEE Computer Society Press , pp. 165 -- 173 .]] Sommerville, I., Rodden, T., Sawyer, P., Bentley, R., Twidale, M., (1993): 'Integrating Ethnography into the Requirements Engineering Process', in (eds.): (Proceedings of RE'93), Los Alamitos, Calif, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 165--173.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"G","author":"Twidale M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Twidale , M. , Rodden , T. and Sommerville , I . ( 1993 ): ' The Designers' Notepad: Supporting and Understanding Cooperative Design ', in G . de Michelis, C. Simone and K. Schmidt (eds.): European Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Proceedings of ECSCW'93), Milano,, Kluwer Academic Publisher , pp. 93 -- 108 .]] Twidale, M., Rodden, T. and Sommerville, I. (1993): 'The Designers' Notepad: Supporting and Understanding Cooperative Design', in G. de Michelis, C. Simone and K. Schmidt (eds.): European Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Proceedings of ECSCW'93), Milano,, Kluwer Academic Publisher, pp. 93--108.]]"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Coherence: An Approach to Representing Ethnographic Analyses in Systems Design, Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"14","author":"Viller S.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Viller , S. and Sommerville , I. , ( 1999 ): ' Coherence: An Approach to Representing Ethnographic Analyses in Systems Design, Human-Computer Interaction ', Representations in Interactive Systems Development , vol. 14 no. 1-2 , pp. 9 -- 41 .]] Viller, S. and Sommerville, I., (1999): 'Coherence: An Approach to Representing Ethnographic Analyses in Systems Design, Human-Computer Interaction', Representations in Interactive Systems Development, vol. 14 no. 1-2, pp. 9--41.]]","journal-title":"Representations in Interactive Systems Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"R. Dieng, A. Giboin, L. Karsenty and G. De Michelis (eds.): Designing Cooperative Systems: The Use of Theories and Models (Proceedings of COOP","author":"Farias C. R. G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Farias , C. R. G. , Pires , L. F. and van Sinderen , M. ( 2000 b): ' A Conceptual Model for the Development of CSCW Systems ', in R. Dieng, A. Giboin, L. Karsenty and G. De Michelis (eds.): Designing Cooperative Systems: The Use of Theories and Models (Proceedings of COOP 2000), Sophia Antipolis (France), IOS Press , pp. 189 -- 204 .]] Farias, C. R. G., Pires, L. F. and van Sinderen, M. (2000b): 'A Conceptual Model for the Development of CSCW Systems', in R. Dieng, A. Giboin, L. Karsenty and G. De Michelis (eds.): Designing Cooperative Systems: The Use of Theories and Models (Proceedings of COOP 2000), Sophia Antipolis (France), IOS Press, pp. 189--204.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/266838.266887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"A pattern language","author":"Alexander C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Alexander , C. , ( 1977 ): ' A pattern language , New York : Oxford University Press .]] Alexander, C., (1977): 'A pattern language, New York: Oxford University Press.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503376.503419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/972648.972651"}],"event":{"name":"SIGDOC05: ACM 23rd Annual International Conference on Documentation","sponsor":["ACM Association for Computing Machinery","SIGDOC ACM Special Interest Group for Design of Communications"],"location":"Coventry United Kingdom","acronym":"SIGDOC05"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 23rd annual international conference on Design of communication: documenting & designing for pervasive information"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1085313.1085324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1085313.1085324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:08:11Z","timestamp":1750262891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1085313.1085324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,21]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1085313.1085324","10.1145\/1085313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1085313.1085324","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-09-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}