{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:53:24Z","timestamp":1761058404593,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Appl. Percept."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although there is substantial evidence that performance in multitalker listening tasks can be improved by spatially separating the apparent locations of the competing talkers, very little effort has been made to determine the best locations and presentation levels for the talkers in a multichannel speech display. In this experiment, a call sign based color and number identification task was used to evaluate the effectiveness of three different spatial configurations and two different level normalization schemes in a seven-channel binaural speech display. When only two spatially adjacent channels of the seven-channel system were active, overall performance was substantially better with a geometrically spaced spatial configuration (with far-field talkers at \u221290\u00b0, \u221230\u00b0, \u221210\u00b0, 0\u00b0, +10\u00b0, +30\u00b0, and +90\u00b0 azimuth) or a hybrid near-far configuration (with far-field talkers at \u221290\u00b0, \u221230\u00b0, 0\u00b0, +30\u00b0, and +90\u00b0 azimuth and near-field talkers at \u00b190\u00b0) than with a more conventional linearly spaced configuration (with far-field talkers at \u221290\u00b0, \u221260\u00b0, \u221230\u00b0, 0\u00b0, +30\u00b0, +60\u00b0, and +90\u00b0 azimuth). When all seven channels were active, performance was generally better with a \u201cbetter-ear\u201d normalization scheme that equalized the levels of the talkers in the more intense ear than with a default normalization scheme that equalized the levels of the talkers at the center of the head. The best overall performance in the seven-talker task occurred when the hybrid near-far spatial configuration was combined with the better-ear normalization scheme. This combination resulted in a 20% increase in the number of correct identifications relative to the baseline condition with linearly spaced talker locations and no level normalization. Although this is a relatively modest improvement, it should be noted that it could be achieved at little or no cost simply by reconfiguring the HRTFs used in a multitalker speech display.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1101530.1101538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,6]],"date-time":"2006-02-06T15:07:09Z","timestamp":1139238429000},"page":"430-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Optimizing the spatial configuration of a seven-talker speech display"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Douglas S.","family":"Brungart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, OH"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, OH"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1121\/1.428288","article-title":"A speech corpus for multitalker communications research","volume":"107","author":"Bolia R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bolia , R. , Nelson , W. , Ericson , M. , and Simpson , B. 2000 . A speech corpus for multitalker communications research . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 107 , 1065 -- 1066 . Bolia, R., Nelson, W., Ericson, M., and Simpson, B. 2000. A speech corpus for multitalker communications research. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 107, 1065--1066.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427180","article-title":"Auditory localization of nearby sources. i: Head-related transfer functions","volume":"106","author":"Brungart D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brungart , D. and Rabinowitz , W. 1999 . Auditory localization of nearby sources. i: Head-related transfer functions . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106 , 1465 -- 1479 . Brungart, D. and Rabinowitz, W. 1999. Auditory localization of nearby sources. i: Head-related transfer functions. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, 1465--1479.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1490592","article-title":"The effects of spatial separation in distance on the informational and energetic masking of a nearby speech signal","volume":"112","author":"Brungart D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brungart , D. and Simpson , B. 2002 . The effects of spatial separation in distance on the informational and energetic masking of a nearby speech signal . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112 , 664 -- 676 . Brungart, D. and Simpson, B. 2002. The effects of spatial separation in distance on the informational and energetic masking of a nearby speech signal. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, 664--676.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"932","article-title":"Evaluation of the \u201ccocktail party effect\u201d for multiple speech stimuli within a spatial audio display","volume":"43","author":"Crispien K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crispien , K. and Ehrenberg , T. 1995 . Evaluation of the \u201ccocktail party effect\u201d for multiple speech stimuli within a spatial audio display . Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 43 , 932 -- 940 . Crispien, K. and Ehrenberg, T. 1995. Evaluation of the \u201ccocktail party effect\u201d for multiple speech stimuli within a spatial audio display. Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 43, 932--940.","journal-title":"Journal of the Audio Engineering Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.1121\/1.424670","article-title":"Speech intelligibility and localization in a multi-source environment","volume":"105","author":"Hawley M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hawley , M. , Litovsky , R. , and Colburn , H. 1999 . Speech intelligibility and localization in a multi-source environment . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105 , 3436 -- 3448 . Hawley, M., Litovsky, R., and Colburn, H. 1999. Speech intelligibility and localization in a multi-source environment. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, 3436--3448.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1909553","article-title":"On the minimum audible angle","volume":"30","author":"Mills A.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Mills , A. 1958 . On the minimum audible angle . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 30 , 237 -- 246 . Mills, A. 1958. On the minimum audible angle. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 30, 237--246.","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 43rd Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 1202--1205","author":"Nelson W. T.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nelson , W. T. , Bolia , R. S. , Ericson , M. A. , and McKinley , R. L. 1999 . Spatial audio displays for speech communication. A comparison of free-field and virtual sources . In Proceedings of the 43rd Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 1202--1205 . Nelson, W. T., Bolia, R. S., Ericson, M. A., and McKinley, R. L. 1999. Spatial audio displays for speech communication. A comparison of free-field and virtual sources. In Proceedings of the 43rd Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 1202--1205."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206830","article-title":"A simulated \u201ccocktail party\u201d with up to three sources","volume":"58","author":"Yost W.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yost , W. , Dye , R. , and Sheft , S. 1996 . A simulated \u201ccocktail party\u201d with up to three sources . Perception and Psychophysics 58 , 1026 -- 1036 . Yost, W., Dye, R., and Sheft, S. 1996. A simulated \u201ccocktail party\u201d with up to three sources. Perception and Psychophysics 58, 1026--1036.","journal-title":"Perception and Psychophysics"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Applied Perception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1101530.1101538","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1101530.1101538","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:08:30Z","timestamp":1750262910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1101530.1101538"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1101530.1101538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1101530.1101538","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1544-3558"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1544-3965"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}