{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:11:01Z","timestamp":1770973861409,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,7]],"date-time":"2005-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMIS Database"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Outsourcing is now a commonly accepted means of meeting organizational IS needs. One facet of recent outsourcing research has begun to concentrate on the relationship between customers and their service providers. However, this line of research is hampered by a lack of consistent conceptual focus, and a corresponding inconsistent treatment of constructs associated with the relationship. This paper uses Relational Exchange Theory as a conceptual basis for identifying the individual constructs that comprise a relationship. It then develops and tests a set of items to measure those constructs, using structural equation modeling and survey data collected from U.S. outsourcing customers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1104004.1104009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,6]],"date-time":"2006-02-06T18:14:10Z","timestamp":1139249650000},"page":"47-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Information systems outsourcing relationship factors"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Goles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at San Antonio"}]},{"given":"Wynne W.","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2307\/256633","article-title":"Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams","volume":"39","author":"Amason A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amason , A. ( 1996 ). \" Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams ,\" Academy of Management Journal , Vol. 39 , No. 1 , pp. 123 -- 148 .]] Amason, A. (1996). \"Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams,\" Academy of Management Journal, Vol.39, No.1, pp. 123--148.]]","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224298404800407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299005400103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.8.4.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224379202900103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224297904300408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4132338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1409784"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026552208171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.64.2.51.17995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026839629501000403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Sept. 29, 1997, http:\/\/www.informationweek.com\/650\/50iuout.htm.]]","author":"Caldwell B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Caldwell , B. and McGee , M. ( 1997 ). \" Outsourcing Backlash.\" InformationWeek Online , Sept. 29, 1997, http:\/\/www.informationweek.com\/650\/50iuout.htm.]] Caldwell, B. and McGee, M. (1997). \"Outsourcing Backlash.\" InformationWeek Online, Sept. 29, 1997, http:\/\/www.informationweek.com\/650\/50iuout.htm.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Outsourcing Failures?\" http:\/\/www.firmbuilder.com\/articles\/19\/48\/388\/ (accessed","author":"Corbett F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Corbett , Michael F. & Associates , Ltd. ( 2002 ) \" Outsourcing Failures?\" http:\/\/www.firmbuilder.com\/articles\/19\/48\/388\/ (accessed April 2003).]] Corbett, Michael F. & Associates, Ltd. (2002) \"Outsourcing Failures?\" http:\/\/www.firmbuilder.com\/articles\/19\/48\/388\/ (accessed April 2003).]]"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"IT Outsourcing: British Petroleum's Competitive Approach","volume":"73","author":"Cross J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cross , J. ( 1995 ). \" IT Outsourcing: British Petroleum's Competitive Approach ,\" Harvard Business Review , Vol. 73 , No. 3 , pp. 94 -- 102 .]] Cross, J. (1995). \"IT Outsourcing: British Petroleum's Competitive Approach,\" Harvard Business Review, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 94--102.]]","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026839629801300303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1994.11518021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Vol.No.53, No.1","author":"Deshpande R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Deshpande , R. and Webster , F . ( 1989 ). \" Organizational Culture and Marketing: Defining the Research Agenda,\" Journal of Marketing , Vol.No.53, No.1 , pp. 3 -- 15 .]] Deshpande, R. and Webster, F. (1989). \"Organizational Culture and Marketing: Defining the Research Agenda,\" Journal of Marketing, Vol.No.53, No.1, pp. 3--15.]]"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Strategic Intent for IT Outsourcing","volume":"39","author":"DiRomualdo A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"DiRomualdo , A. and Gurbaxani , V. ( 1998 ). \" Strategic Intent for IT Outsourcing ,\" Sloan Management Review , Vol. 39 , No. 4 , pp. 67 -- 80 .]] DiRomualdo, A. and Gurbaxani, V. (1998). \"Strategic Intent for IT Outsourcing,\" Sloan Management Review, Vol.39, No.4, pp. 67--80.]]","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/248851"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224298705100202"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Core IS Capabilities for Exploiting Information Technology","volume":"39","author":"Feeny D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Feeny , D. and Willcocks , L. ( 1998 ). \" Core IS Capabilities for Exploiting Information Technology ,\" Sloan Management Review , Vol. 39 , No. 3 , pp. 9 -- 21 .]] Feeny, D. and Willcocks, L. (1998). \"Core IS Capabilities for Exploiting Information Technology,\" Sloan Management Review, Vol.39, No.3, pp. 9--21.]]","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"British Columbia","author":"Fitzgerald G.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fitzgerald , G. and Willcocks , L . ( 1994 ). \" Contracts and Partnerships in the Outsourcing of IT,\" Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Information Systems, Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , pp. 91 -- 98 .]] Fitzgerald, G. and Willcocks, L. (1994). \"Contracts and Partnerships in the Outsourcing of IT,\" Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Information Systems, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 91--98.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(96)00156-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Gartner Dataquest Says IT Services Revenue to Increase to $557 Billion","author":"Gartner Dataquest","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gartner Dataquest . ( 2002 ). \" Gartner Dataquest Says IT Services Revenue to Increase to $557 Billion in 2002,\". Gartner Press Release , http:\/\/www.dataquest.com\/press_gartner\/quickstats\/outsourcing.html (accessed August 2001).]] Gartner Dataquest. (2002). \"Gartner Dataquest Says IT Services Revenue to Increase to $557 Billion in 2002,\". Gartner Press Release, http:\/\/www.dataquest.com\/press_gartner\/quickstats\/outsourcing.html (accessed August 2001).]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"The Impact of the Client\/Vendor Relationship on Outsourcing Success, unpublished dissertation","author":"Goles T.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goles , T. ( 2001 ). The Impact of the Client\/Vendor Relationship on Outsourcing Success, unpublished dissertation , University of Houston , Houston, TX .]] Goles, T. (2001). The Impact of the Client\/Vendor Relationship on Outsourcing Success, unpublished dissertation, University of Houston, Houston, TX.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Outsourcing Makes Work for Lawyers,\" TechWeb","author":"Goodridge E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goodridge , E. ( 2001 ). \" Outsourcing Makes Work for Lawyers,\" TechWeb , http:\/\/www.techweb.com\/wire\/story\/TWB20010102S0004 (accessed August 2001).]] Goodridge, E. (2001). \"Outsourcing Makes Work for Lawyers,\" TechWeb, http:\/\/www.techweb.com\/wire\/story\/TWB20010102S0004 (accessed August 2001).]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1996.11518102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224379403100406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299305700403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Hawaii, Track 7.]]","author":"Hancox M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hancox , M. and Hackney , R . ( 1999 ). \" Information Technology Outsourcing: Conceptualizing Practice in the Public and Private Sector,\" Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences , Hawaii, Track 7.]] Hancox, M. and Hackney, R. (1999). \"Information Technology Outsourcing: Conceptualizing Practice in the Public and Private Sector,\" Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, Track 7.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.8.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299405800106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299205600203"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Plugging into Strategic Partnerships: The Critical IS Connection","volume":"31","author":"Henderson J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Henderson , J. ( 1990 ). \" Plugging into Strategic Partnerships: The Critical IS Connection ,\" Sloan Management Review , Vol. 31 , No. 3 , pp. 7 -- 18 .]] Henderson, J. (1990). \"Plugging into Strategic Partnerships: The Critical IS Connection,\" Sloan Management Review, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 7--18.]]","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"How Continental Bank Outsourced Its 'Crown Jewels',\" Harvard Business Review","author":"Huber R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Huber , R. ( 1993 ). \" How Continental Bank Outsourced Its 'Crown Jewels',\" Harvard Business Review , Vol. 71 , No .1., pp. 121 -- 129 .]] Huber, R. (1993). \"How Continental Bank Outsourced Its 'Crown Jewels',\" Harvard Business Review, Vol.71, No.1., pp. 121--129.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Reconceptualizing Industrial Buying Behavior: Toward Improved Research Approaches,\" in Greenberg","author":"Johnson W. J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Johnson , W. J. and Bonoma , T. V . ( 1977 ). \" Reconceptualizing Industrial Buying Behavior: Toward Improved Research Approaches,\" in Greenberg , B. A., and Bellenger, D. N. (Eds.), Contemporary Marketing Thought, Chicago : American Marketing Association , pp. 247 -- 251 .]] Johnson, W. J. and Bonoma, T. V. (1977). \"Reconceptualizing Industrial Buying Behavior: Toward Improved Research Approaches,\" in Greenberg, B. A., and Bellenger, D. N. (Eds.), Contemporary Marketing Thought, Chicago: American Marketing Association, pp. 247--251.]]"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Collaborative Advantage: The Art of Alliances","volume":"72","author":"Kanter R. M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kanter , R. M. ( 1994 ). \" Collaborative Advantage: The Art of Alliances ,\" Harvard Business Review , Vol. 72 , No. 4 , pp. 96 -- 108 .]] Kanter, R. M. (1994). \"Collaborative Advantage: The Art of Alliances,\" Harvard Business Review, Vol.72, No.4, pp. 96--108.]]","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Atlanta","author":"Kern T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kern , T. ( 1997 ). \" The Gestalt of an Information Technology Outsourcing Relationship: An Exploratory Analysis,\" Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Information Systems , Atlanta , Georgia , pp. 37 -- 58 .]] Kern, T. (1997). \"The Gestalt of an Information Technology Outsourcing Relationship: An Exploratory Analysis,\" Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Information Systems, Atlanta, Georgia, pp. 37--58.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Exploring Information Technology Outsourcing Relationships: the Interaction Approach","volume":"9","author":"Kern T.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kern , T. and Willcocks , L. ( 2000 ). \" Exploring Information Technology Outsourcing Relationships: the Interaction Approach ,\" European Journal of Information Systems , Vol. 9 , pp. 321 -- 350 .]] Kern, T. and Willcocks, L. (2000). \"Exploring Information Technology Outsourcing Relationships: the Interaction Approach,\" European Journal of Information Systems, Vol.9, pp. 321--350.]]","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Exploring Information Technology Outsourcing Relationships: Theory and Practice","volume":"11","author":"Kern T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kern , T. and Willcocks , L. ( 2002 ). \" Exploring Information Technology Outsourcing Relationships: Theory and Practice ,\" Journal of Strategic Information Systems , Vol. 11 , pp. 3 -- 19 .]] Kern, T. and Willcocks, L. (2002). \"Exploring Information Technology Outsourcing Relationships: Theory and Practice,\" Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Vol.11, pp. 3--19.]]","journal-title":"Journal of Strategic Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026839629501000405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Outsourcing Information Technology, Systems, and Services","author":"Klepper R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Klepper , R. and Jones , W . ( 1998 ). Outsourcing Information Technology, Systems, and Services , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall .]] Klepper, R. and Jones, W. (1998). Outsourcing Information Technology, Systems, and Services, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249657"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"The Information Systems Outsourcing Bandwagon","volume":"35","author":"Lacity M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lacity , M. and Hirschheim , R. ( 1993 ). \" The Information Systems Outsourcing Bandwagon ,\" Sloan Management Review , Vol. 35 , No. 1 , pp. 73 -- 86 .]] Lacity, M. and Hirschheim, R. (1993). \"The Information Systems Outsourcing Bandwagon,\" Sloan Management Review, Vol.35, No.1, pp. 73--86.]]","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249670"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Relationships in IT Outsourcing: A Stakeholder Perspective,\" in Zmud","author":"Lacity M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lacity , M. and Willcocks , L . ( 2000 ). \" Relationships in IT Outsourcing: A Stakeholder Perspective,\" in Zmud , R. W. (Ed.), Framing the Domain of IT Management , Cincinnati : Pinnaflex , pp. 355 -- 384 .]] Lacity, M. and Willcocks, L. (2000). \"Relationships in IT Outsourcing: A Stakeholder Perspective,\" in Zmud, R. W. (Ed.), Framing the Domain of IT Management, Cincinnati: Pinnaflex, pp. 355--384.]]"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"IT Outsourcing: Maximize Flexibility and Control","volume":"73","author":"Lacity M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lacity , M. , Willcocks , L. , and Feeny , D. ( 1995 ). \" IT Outsourcing: Maximize Flexibility and Control ,\" Harvard Business Review , Vol. 73 , No. 3 , pp. 85 -- 93 .]] Lacity, M., Willcocks, L., and Feeny, D. (1995). \"IT Outsourcing: Maximize Flexibility and Control,\" Harvard Business Review, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 85--93.]]","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0092070300282003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Hawaii","volume":"2","author":"Lee J. N.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee , J. N. , Huynh , M. Q. , Chi-Wai , K. R. , and Pi , S. M . ( 2000 ). \" The Evolution of Outsourcing Research: What is the Next Issue?\" Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences , Hawaii , Vol. 2 .]] Lee, J. N., Huynh, M. Q., Chi-Wai, K. R., and Pi, S. M. (2000). \"The Evolution of Outsourcing Research: What is the Next Issue?\" Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, Vol.2.]]"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The Role of Relational Exchange between Exporters and Importers: Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Australian Exporters","volume":"36","author":"Lee D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lee , D. and Jang , J. ( 1998 ). \" The Role of Relational Exchange between Exporters and Importers: Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Australian Exporters ,\" Journal of Small Business Management , Vol. 36 , No. 4 , pp. 12 -- 23 .]] Lee, D. and Jang, J. (1998). \"The Role of Relational Exchange between Exporters and Importers: Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Australian Exporters,\" Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.36, No.4, pp. 12--23.]]","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1999.11518221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1992.11517945"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2090458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","first-page":"691","article-title":"The Many Futures of Contracts","volume":"47","author":"Macneil I. R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Macneil , I. R. ( 1974 ). \" The Many Futures of Contracts ,\" Southern California Law Review , Vol. 47 , pp. 691 -- 816 .]] Macneil, I. R. (1974). \"The Many Futures of Contracts,\" Southern California Law Review, Vol.47, pp. 691--816.]]","journal-title":"Southern California Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","first-page":"854","article-title":"Contracts: Adjustment of Long-Term Economic Relations Under Classical, Neoclassical, and Relational Contract Law","volume":"72","author":"Macneil I. R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Macneil , I. R. ( 1978 ). \" Contracts: Adjustment of Long-Term Economic Relations Under Classical, Neoclassical, and Relational Contract Law ,\" Northwestern University Law Review , Vol. 72 , pp. 854 -- 905 .]] Macneil, I. R. (1978). \"Contracts: Adjustment of Long-Term Economic Relations Under Classical, Neoclassical, and Relational Contract Law,\" Northwestern University Law Review, Vol.72, pp. 854--905.]]","journal-title":"Northwestern University Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"The New Social Contract: An Inquiry into Modern Contractual Relations","author":"Macneil I. R.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Macneil , I. R. ( 1980 ). The New Social Contract: An Inquiry into Modern Contractual Relations , New London : Yale University Press .]] Macneil, I. R. (1980). The New Social Contract: An Inquiry into Modern Contractual Relations, New London: Yale University Press.]]"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"Relational Contract Theory: Challenges and Queries","volume":"94","author":"Macneil I. R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Macneil , I. R. ( 2000 ). \" Relational Contract Theory: Challenges and Queries ,\" Northwestern University Law Review , Vol. 94 , No. 3 , pp. 877 -- 907 .]] Macneil, I. R. (2000). \"Relational Contract Theory: Challenges and Queries,\" Northwestern University Law Review, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 877--907.]]","journal-title":"Northwestern University Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1985.4277346"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/174666.174668"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","first-page":"8075","volume-title":"Hawaii","author":"McKeen J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"McKeen , J. and Smith , H . ( 2001 ). \" Managing External Relationships in IS,\" Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-34) , Hawaii , p. 8075 .]] McKeen, J. and Smith, H. (2001). \"Managing External Relationships in IS,\" Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-34), Hawaii, p. 8075.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1996.11518137"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026839629701200306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250150205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1998.tb01354.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299405800302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/233977.233989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-6813(87)90077-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009207039502300413"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299005400407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1990.4308156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2392231"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective","author":"Pfeffer J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pfeffer , J. and Salancik , G . ( 1978 ). The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective , New York : Harper & Row .]] Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. (1978). The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective, New York: Harper & Row.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.39.10.1281"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Strategic Outsourcing: Leveraging Knowledge Capabilities","volume":"40","author":"Quinn J. B.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Quinn , J. B. ( 1999 ). \" Strategic Outsourcing: Leveraging Knowledge Capabilities ,\" Sloan Management Review , Vol. 40 , pp. 9 -- 21 .]] Quinn, J. B. (1999). \"Strategic Outsourcing: Leveraging Knowledge Capabilities,\" Sloan Management Review, Vol.40, pp. 9--21.]]","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1996.tb00848.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1994.9410122009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3217754.3217756"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1998.926617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/293411.293485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/41165887"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-2373(98)00064-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Best Papers Proceedings, 55th Annual Meeting","author":"Simons T.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Simons , T. ( 1995 ). \" Top Management Team Consensus, Heterogeneity, and Debate as Contingent Predictors of Company Performance: the Complementarity of Group Structure and Process,\" Academy of Management Journal , Best Papers Proceedings, 55th Annual Meeting , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada , pp. 62 -- 66 .]] Simons, T. (1995). \"Top Management Team Consensus, Heterogeneity, and Debate as Contingent Predictors of Company Performance: the Complementarity of Group Structure and Process,\" Academy of Management Journal, Best Papers Proceedings, 55th Annual Meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 62--66.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(96)00205-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03090569710190569"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074391569601500118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Organizations in Action","author":"Thompson J. D.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Thompson , J. D. ( 1967 ). Organizations in Action , New York : McGraw-Hill .]] Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in Action, New York: McGraw-Hill.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094477"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009207039502300411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.4250050207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-2373(94)00059-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejis.3000284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","volume-title":"Strategic Sourcing of Information Systems: Perspectives and Practices","author":"Willcocks L.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Willcocks , L. and Lacity , M . ( 1998 ). Strategic Sourcing of Information Systems: Perspectives and Practices , New York : Wiley , Chichester, England.]] Willcocks, L. and Lacity, M. (1998). Strategic Sourcing of Information Systems: Perspectives and Practices, New York: Wiley, Chichester, England.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.9.2.141"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1104004.1104009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1104004.1104009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:08:02Z","timestamp":1750262882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1104004.1104009"}},"subtitle":["detailed conceptualization and initial evidence"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,7]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1104004.1104009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1104004.1104009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-0033","1532-0936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-0033","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-0936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-10-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}