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LTCP modifies the TCP flow to behave as a collection of virtual flows to achieve more efficient bandwidth probing. The number of virtual flows emulated is determined based on the dynamic network conditions by using the concept of\n            <jats:italic>virtual layers<\/jats:italic>\n            , such that the convergence properties and RTT-unfairness behavior is maintained similar to that of TCP. In this paper, we provide the intuition and the design for the LTCP protocol modifications and evaluation results based on ns-2 simulations and Linux implementation. 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