{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:42:05Z","timestamp":1750308125412,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Recent research efforts have demonstrated the great potential of building cost-effective media streaming systems on top of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. A P2P media streaming architecture can reach a large streaming capacity that is difficult to achieve in conventional server-based streaming services. Hybrid streaming systems that combine the use of dedicated streaming servers and P2P networks were proposed to build on the advantages of both paradigms. However, the dynamics of such systems and the impact of various factors on system behavior are not totally clear. In this article, we present an analytical framework to quantitatively study the features of a hybrid media streaming model. Based on this framework, we derive an equation to describe the capacity growth of a single-file streaming system. We then extend the analysis to multi-file scenarios. We also show how the system achieves optimal allocation of server bandwidth among different media objects. The unpredictable departure\/failure of peers is a critical factor that affects the performance of P2P systems. We utilize the concept of\n            <jats:italic>peer lifespan<\/jats:italic>\n            to model peer failures. The original capacity growth equation is enhanced with coefficients generated from peer lifespans that follow an exponential distribution. We also propose a failure model under arbitrarily distributed peer lifespan. Results from large-scale simulations support our analysis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1111604.1111607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,6]],"date-time":"2006-02-06T15:07:09Z","timestamp":1139238429000},"page":"354-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["An analytical study of peer-to-peer media streaming systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Yi-Cheng","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hefeeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon Fraser University, Surrey, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS).","author":"Bhagwan R.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Bhagwan , R. , Savage , S. , and Voelker , G . 2003. Understanding availability . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS). Bhagwan, R., Savage, S., and Voelker, G. 2003. Understanding availability. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-3664(01)00411-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Burden R. and Faires J. D. 2001. Numerical Analysis. Brooks\/Cole Publishing.  Burden R. and Faires J. D. 2001. Numerical Analysis. Brooks\/Cole Publishing."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of International Workshop on Web Content Caching and Distribution.","author":"Bustamante F.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Bustamante , F. and Qiao , Y . 2003. Friendships that last: Peer lifespan and its role in P2P protocols . In Proceedings of International Workshop on Web Content Caching and Distribution. Bustamante, F. and Qiao, Y. 2003. Friendships that last: Peer lifespan and its role in P2P protocols. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Web Content Caching and Distribution."},{"volume-title":"An Introduction to Optimization","author":"Chong E. K. P.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Chong , E. K. P. and \u017bak , S. H. 2001. An Introduction to Optimization . John Wiley & Sons , New York, NY . Chong, E. K. P. and \u017bak, S. H. 2001. An Introduction to Optimization. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY."},{"volume-title":"Introduction to Queueing Theory","author":"Cooper R. B.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Cooper , R. B. 1981. Introduction to Queueing Theory . North Holland , New York, NY. Cooper, R. B. 1981. Introduction to Queueing Theory. North Holland, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowcroft J. and Pratt I. 2002. Peer to peer: peering into the future. In Networking Tutorials. 1--19.  Crowcroft J. and Pratt I. 2002. 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In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM. 1096--1104 . Feldmann, A. and Whitt, W. 1997. Fitting mixtures of exponentials to long-tail distributions to analyze network performance models. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM. 1096--1104."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/90.958323"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC). 264--267","author":"Golle P.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Golle , P. , Leylton-Brown , K. , and Mironov , I . 2001. Incentives for sharing in peer-to-peer networks . In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC). 264--267 . 10.1145\/501158.501193 Golle, P., Leylton-Brown, K., and Mironov, I. 2001. Incentives for sharing in peer-to-peer networks. 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