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We quantitatively measured the relationship between the similarity order induced by the indexes and perceived similarity. In contrast to previous evaluation approaches, we objectively measured similarity both for the few best-matching images and also for relatively distinct images. The results show that, to a large degree, the rank orders induced by the indexes predict the perceived similarity between images. The highest index concordance employing a single index was obtained using the chromaticity histogram. Combining different information sources substantially improved the correspondence with the observers. We conclude that image-indexing systems can provide useful measures for perceptual image similarity. The methods presented here can be used to evaluate and compare different image-retrieval systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1119766.1119769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,8]],"date-time":"2006-05-08T16:09:20Z","timestamp":1147104560000},"page":"31-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Image retrieval and perceptual similarity"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Neumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Karl R.","family":"Gegenfurtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.771318"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Berlin B. and Kay P. 1969. 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