{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T14:08:29Z","timestamp":1761401309720,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sound source localization will play a major role in the new location-aware applications envisioned in Ubiquitous Computing. We describe the design and performance of three architectures and corresponding protocols that use a variation of the Time-of-Flight method for localizing three different kinds of devices, namely 802.11-enabled PDAs, 3G cell phones, and PDAs without network connectivity. The quantitative assessment is based on the deployment made with 6 sensors in, a 20x9m room, sewing over 10,000 localization requests. Our experiments indicate that all architectures achieve localization within 70cm of the actual position 90% of the time. The accuracy is further improved to 40cm 90% of the time when geometric factors are taken into consideration. The effects of noise and obstructions are also analyzed. Within 1m localization error realistic noise degrades the accuracy by 6 to 10%. The presence of obstacles, such as humans and cement columns, has no observable effect on the performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1137975.1137980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,17]],"date-time":"2007-01-17T18:32:02Z","timestamp":1169058722000},"page":"38-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Localization of off-the-shelf mobile devices using audible sound"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Cristina V.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, CA"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Haghighat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, CA"}]},{"given":"Atri","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, CA"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Givargis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, CA"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Baldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, CA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11428572_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1060289.1060304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/313451.313476"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"A. Haghighat C. V. Lopes T. Givargis and A. Mandal \"Location-Aware Web System \" OOPSLA Workshop on Building Software for Pervasive Computing 2004.  A. Haghighat C. V. Lopes T. Givargis and A. Mandal \"Location-Aware Web System \" OOPSLA Workshop on Building Software for Pervasive Computing 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.940014"},{"volume-title":"Speech and Signal Processing","year":"2005","author":"Holm S.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1032650.1033544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2003.1228528"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of The 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing","year":"2003","author":"Madhavapeddy A.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"A. Mandal C. V. Lopes T. Givargis A. Haghighat R. Jurdak P. Baldi \"Beep: 3D Indoor positioning using audible sound \" In Proceedings of Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) January 2005.  A. Mandal C. V. Lopes T. Givargis A. Haghighat R. Jurdak P. Baldi \"Beep: 3D Indoor positioning using audible sound \" In Proceedings of Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) January 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/7.543845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/345910.345917"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11428572_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"WebBeep Web pages. www.ics.uci.edu\/IopesJbeep  WebBeep Web pages. www.ics.uci.edu\/IopesJbeep"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1137975.1137980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1137975.1137980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T15:14:32Z","timestamp":1750259672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1137975.1137980"}},"subtitle":["architectures, protocols and performance assessment"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1137975.1137980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1137975.1137980","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-1662"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1931-1222"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}