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In this paper, we introduce a new statistical technique for the analysis and synthesis of small three-dimensional facial features, such as wrinkles and pores. We acquire high-resolution face geometry for people across a wide range of ages, genders, and races. For each scan, we separate the skin surface details from a smooth base mesh using displaced subdivision surfaces. Then, we analyze the resulting displacement maps using the texture analysis\/synthesis framework of Heeger and Bergen, adapted to capture statistics that vary spatially across a face. Finally, we use the extracted statistics to synthesize plausible detail on face meshes of arbitrary subjects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in several applications, including analysis of facial texture in subjects with different ages and genders, interpolation between high-resolution face scans, adding detail to low-resolution face scans, and adjusting the apparent age of faces. In all cases, we are able to re-produce fine geometric details consistent with those observed in high resolution scans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,25]],"date-time":"2006-07-25T14:14:26Z","timestamp":1153836866000},"page":"1025-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A statistical model for synthesis of detailed facial geometry"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Aleksey","family":"Golovinskiy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Matusik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MERL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanspeter","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MERL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Rusinkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Funkhouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 166--175","author":"Bando Y.","unstructured":"Bando , Y. , Kuratate , T. , and Nishita , T . 2002. A simple method for modeling wrinkles on human skin . In Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 166--175 .]] Bando, Y., Kuratate, T., and Nishita, T. 2002. A simple method for modeling wrinkles on human skin. In Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 166--175.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","volume":"2","author":"Barsky S.","unstructured":"Barsky , S. , and Petrou , M . 2001. Colour photometric stereo: simultaneous reconstruction of local gradient and colour of rough textured surfaces . In Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision , vol. 2 , 600--605.]] Barsky, S., and Petrou, M. 2001. Colour photometric stereo: simultaneous reconstruction of local gradient and colour of rough textured surfaces. 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Texture synthesis by non-parametric sampling. In ICCV '99: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 1033.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344831"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haro A. Essa I. and Guenter B. 2001. Real-time Photo-Realistic physically based rendering of fine scale human skin structure. In Rendering Techniques 53--62.]] Haro A. Essa I. and Guenter B. 2001. Real-time Photo-Realistic physically based rendering of fine scale human skin structure. In Rendering Techniques 53--62.]]","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6242-2_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218446"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383295"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Tech. Rep. CUCS-024-05, Department of Computer Science","author":"Igarashi T.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Igarashi , T. , Nishino , K. , and Nayar , S . 2005 . The appearance of human skin. Tech. Rep. CUCS-024-05, Department of Computer Science , Columbia University , June.]] Igarashi, T., Nishino, K., and Nayar, S. 2005. The appearance of human skin. Tech. Rep. CUCS-024-05, Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, June.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CGI.2004.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344829"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu C. Shum H.-Y. and Zhang C. 2001. A two-step approach to hallucinating faces: Global parametric model and local nonparametric model. In CVPR (1) 192--198.]] Liu C. Shum H.-Y. and Zhang C. 2001. A two-step approach to hallucinating faces: Global parametric model and local nonparametric model. In CVPR (1) 192--198.]]","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990475"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Smooth Subdivision Surfaces Based on Triangles. Master's thesis","author":"Loop C.","unstructured":"Loop , C. 1987. Smooth Subdivision Surfaces Based on Triangles. Master's thesis , University of Utah.]] Loop, C. 1987. Smooth Subdivision Surfaces Based on Triangles. 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Measuring skin reflectance and subsurface scattering. Tech. Rep. TR2005--046, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL).]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vis.4340060403"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"Computer Animation and Simulation '97","author":"Wu Y.","unstructured":"Wu , Y. , Kalra , P. , and Thalmann , N. M . 1997. Physically-based wrinkle simulation & skin rendering . In Computer Animation and Simulation '97 , Eurographics, 69--79.]] Wu, Y., Kalra, P., and Thalmann, N. M. 1997. Physically-based wrinkle simulation & skin rendering. 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