{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:53:30Z","timestamp":1791352410866,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In this paper, we present a general framework for password-based authenticated key exchange protocols, in the common reference string model. Our protocol is actually an abstraction of the key exchange protocol of Katz et al. and is based on the recently introduced notion of smooth projective hashing by Cramer and Shoup. We gain a number of benefits from this abstraction. First, we obtain a modular protocol that can be described using just three high-level cryptographic tools. This allows a simple and intuitive understanding of its security. Second, our proof of security is significantly simpler and more modular. Third, we are able to derive analogs to the Katz et al. protocol under additional cryptographic assumptions. Specifically, in addition to the DDH assumption used by Katz et al., we obtain protocols under both the quadratic and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -residuosity assumptions. In order to achieve this, we construct new smooth projective hash functions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1151414.1151418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T18:11:32Z","timestamp":1161195092000},"page":"181-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["A framework for password-based authenticated key exchange\n            <sup>1<\/sup>"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rosario","family":"Gennaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM, Hawthorne, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehuda","family":"Lindell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/168588.168596"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellare M. and Rogaway P. 1994. Entity authentication and key distribution. In CRYPTO' 93 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 773) New York. 232--249.]]   Bellare M. and Rogaway P. 1994. Entity authentication and key distribution. In CRYPTO' 93 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 773) New York. 232--249.]]","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48329-2_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellare M. Pointcheval D. and Rogaway P. 2000. Authenticated key exchange secure against dictionary attacks. In Eurocrypt 2000 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 1807) New York. 139--155.]]  Bellare M. Pointcheval D. and Rogaway P. 2000. Authenticated key exchange secure against dictionary attacks. In Eurocrypt 2000 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 1807) New York. 139--155.]]","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45539-6_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings 1992 IEEE Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy. IEEE Computer Society","author":"Bellovin S. 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Analysis of key-exchange protocols and their use for building secure channels. In Eurocrypt 2001 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 2045) New York. 453--474.]]","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44987-6_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"CRYPTO'03","author":"Camenisch J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"CRYPTO'98","author":"Cramer R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cramer R. and Shoup V. 2002. Universal hash proofs and a paradigm for adaptive chosen ciphertext secure public-key encryption. In Eurocrypt 2002 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 2332) New York. 45--64. (Full version in {Cramer and Shoup 2003}).]]   Cramer R. and Shoup V. 2002. Universal hash proofs and a paradigm for adaptive chosen ciphertext secure public-key encryption. In Eurocrypt 2002 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 2332) New York. 45--64. (Full version in {Cramer and Shoup 2003}).]]","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46035-7_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0097539702403773"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/780542.780605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/276698.276722"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Crescenzo G. Katz J. Ostrovsky R. and Smith A. 2001. Efficient and non-interactive non-malleable commitment. In Eurocrypt 2001 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 2045) New York. 40--59.]]   Di Crescenzo G. Katz J. Ostrovsky R. and Smith A. 2001. Efficient and non-interactive non-malleable commitment. 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In Eurocrypt 2001 Springer-Verlag (LNCS 2045) New York. 475--494.]]   Katz J. Ostrovsky R. and Yung M. 2001. Practical password-authenticated key exchange provably secure under standard assumptions. 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